Phonetics and Phonology

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Phonetics

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Study of how sounds are articulated individually.

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Phonology

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Study of how sounds are used in connected speech.

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International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

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A set of universally-agreed upon symbols that represent every sound in language.

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Harrington, Cox and Evans

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A method of transcribing Australian English, as set out by these linguists in the Australian Journal of Linguistics in 1997. This is the method used in VCE English Language.

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Vowels

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Sounds produced with relatively little restriction/obstruction to airflow. Described by height and backness of tongue, and roundedness of lips.

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Height

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How high or low the tongue is in relation to the roof of the mouth when producing a vowel sound.

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Backness

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The position of the tongue in relation to the back of the mouth when producing a vowel sound.

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Roundness

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Refers to the lips being rounded or unrounded when producing a vowel sound.

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Diphthongs

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Vowels that have a noticeable change in quality (boy, buy, bay). Sound like two vowels combined.

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Monophthongs

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Vowels that have only one sound.