chapter 5 note cards

Front

A conquistador who led the expedition that conquered the Aztec Empire in modern Mexico.

Back

Who was Hernan Cortes?

Front

Term used to describe the devastating demographic impact of European-borne epidemic diseases on the Americas; up to 90% of the pre-Columbian population died.

Back

What is the Great Dying?

Front

A period of unusually cool temperatures from the thirteenth to nineteenth centuries, most prominently in the Northern Hemisphere.

Back

What was the Little Ice Age?

Front

The near-record cold winters experienced in much of China, Europe, and North America in the mid-seventeenth century, sparked by the Little Ice Age; extreme weather conditions led to famines, uprisings, and wars.

Back

What was the General Crisis?

Front

The enormous network of transatlantic communication, migration, trade, and the transfer of diseases, plants, and animals that began during European exploration and colonization of the Americas.

Back

What was the Columbian Exchange?

Front

The economic theory that governments served their countries’ economic interests best by encouraging exports and accumulating bullion (precious metals); helped fuel European colonialism.

Back

What is Mercantilism?

Front

A term used to describe the mixed-race population of Spanish colonial societies in the Americas, primarily the product of unions between Spanish men and Native American women.

Back

What does Mestizo refer to?

Front

Term commonly used for people of mixed African and European blood.

Back

What does Mulattoes refer to?

Front

Imperial territories in which Europeans settled permanently in substantial numbers, particularly in the British colonies of North America.

Back

What are Settler Colonies?

Front

A Christian state centered on Moscow that emerged from centuries of Mongol rule in 1480; by 1800, it had expanded into northern Asia and westward into the Baltics and Eastern Europe.

Back

What was the Russian Empire?