Mason ERS #4

Front

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Back

The central dogma of molecular biology states that DNA is transcribed into RNA, and RNA is translated into protein.

Front

What happens when bacteria encounters lactose?

Back

Lactose binds to the repressor to promote lactase production.

Front

What is the correct sequence of events in DNA replication?

Back

DNA helicase unwinds DNA → Primase adds RNA primers → DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands → DNA ligase seals Okazaki fragments.

Front

What is the primary function of transcription factors in eukaryotic cells?

Back

Transcription factors bind to specific DNA sequences to regulate the transcription of genes.

Front

What is an assumption of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Back

The population is large, there is no migration of individuals into or out of the population, mating is random within the population.

Front

What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

Back

RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA from a DNA template during transcription.

Front

Define the term 'gene expression'.

Back

Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize a functional gene product, typically a protein.

Front

What is the function of DNA ligase?

Back

DNA ligase joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replication.

Front

What is the significance of the promoter region in gene transcription?

Back

The promoter region is a sequence of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene.

Front

What is the difference between transcription and translation?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying DNA into RNA, while translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from RNA.