How the circulatory system helps protect us from infection.

It carries white blood cells that are part of the immune system.

Cause and effect: Body temperature gets too high.

Cause: Body temperature gets too high. Effect: Smooth muscle in artery walls relaxes, causing vasodilation and increased blood flow to the skin, allowing cooling to occur.

Cause and effect: Kidneys and osmoregulators detect changes in fluid levels.

Cause: Kidneys and osmoregulators detect changes in fluid levels. Effect: Hormones stimulate kidneys to adjust urine production and cardiovascular system to dilate or constrict blood vessels, regulating fluid loss through sweat.

Three functions of blood: 1. Brings oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the body (including hormones). 2. Carries carbon dioxide and waste materials to the lungs, kidneys, and digestive system for removal. 3. Helps fight infections.

Blood is essential for transporting oxygen, nutrients, waste, and fighting infections in the body.

Blood components and their functions: - Plasma: Transports water and nutrients to the body's tissues (55% of blood). - White Blood Cells: Fight infection (3% of blood). - Red Blood Cells: Contain hemoglobin to carry oxygen (41% of blood). - Platelets: Clot blood (1% of blood).

Each blood component has a specific function and contributes to the overall health and functionality of the circulatory system.

Thrombocytopenia and its major symptom: People with thrombocytopenia have bleeding issues because their blood does not clot properly due to a lack of platelets.

Platelets are essential for blood clotting, and their deficiency leads to bleeding problems.

The right and left sides of the heart: - The right side pumps blood to the lungs. - The left side pumps blood to the body.

The left side of the heart is stronger because it pumps blood to the entire body, while the right side only pumps blood to the lungs.

Order of blood flow through the body: 1. Blood is oxygenated in the lungs. 2. Blood flows from lungs to the heart. 3. Heart pumps blood to the body. 4. Body cells receive oxygen. 5. Blood returns to the heart from the body. 6. Heart pumps blood to the lungs.

The sequence of blood flow ensures oxygen delivery and waste removal throughout the body.

Valves in the heart and their function

Valves are flaps between the sections of the heart that open and close when the heart beats. They prevent blood from traveling backward in the heart.

Four chambers of the heart

Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle.

Appearance of the left atrium and left ventricle in a diagram

Heart diagrams show what a heart would look like if you were looking straight at a person. The left side of the heart appears on your right in the diagram, and the right side of the heart appears on your left.

Flow of blood in the body starting from the vena cava

1. Blood enters the heart through the vena cava, emptying oxygen-poor blood from the body into the right atrium. 2. As the right atrium contracts, blood flows from the right atrium into the right ventricle. 3. The right ventricle contracts, forcing blood to leave the heart into the pulmonary artery and to the lungs where it is oxygenated. 4. After the blood is oxygenated in the lungs, the pulmonary vein empties oxygen-rich blood from the lungs into the left atrium. 5. As the left atrium contracts, blood flows from the left atrium into the left ventricle. 6. The left ventricle contracts, forcing blood to leave the heart into the aorta and to the body. 7. Blood flows through the body and then back to the heart.

Chain of events in the heart starting from the SA node

1. The SA node sends out an electrical signal. 2. The signal travels down through the heart, triggering the left atrium and right atrium to contract. 3. The electrical signal reaches the AV node. 4. The AV node briefly slows down the electrical signal, giving the ventricles time to receive blood from the atria. 5. The electrical signal then moves on to trigger the ventricles to contract.

What an electrocardiogram measures

Electrical signals in the heart

Symptoms of Sick Sinus Syndrome

Problems with the regulation of heartbeats and irregular heartbeats, called arrhythmia

Unique features of arteries, capillaries, and veins

- Arteries: Transport blood away from the heart - Capillaries: Very small with thin walls that allow oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide, and waste products to pass to and from tissue cells - Veins: Transport blood to the heart

Appearance of veins in the skin

Veins look blue because light has to penetrate the skin to illuminate them. Blue and red light penetrate skin differently because they are of different wavelengths. Our eyes perceive veins as blue.

Diagram of heartbeats

4 heartbeats shown in the diagram.

Digestive System's Role: Breakdown and absorb nutrients in food. Goal: Get nutrients to cells. Circulatory System's Role: Transport nutrients to body cells. Respiratory System's Role: Take oxygen into the body. Goal: Get oxygen to cells. Circulatory System's Role: Transport oxygen in red blood cells to body cells.

The diagram illustrates how different organ systems cooperate to achieve specific goals, such as providing nutrients and oxygen to cells.

Aplastic anemia is a disease that destroys bone marrow.

Aplastic anemia affects the circulatory system by reducing the production of blood cells, as bone marrow is responsible for producing them.

Atherosclerosis is the thickening or hardening of arteries caused by plaque buildup.

This condition affects the inner lining of an artery and can lead to serious cardiovascular issues.

The real medical term for a heart attack is myocardial infarction.

Myocardial infarction occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked, causing damage to the heart muscle.

A stroke affects the brain.

A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, leading to potential brain damage.

Another name for high blood pressure is hypertension.

Hypertension is a condition where the force of blood against artery walls is consistently too high.

Three ways to lower the risk of heart diseases: 1. Eat healthy 2. Don't smoke 3. Get exercise and prevent obesity

These lifestyle changes can significantly reduce the risk of heart-related conditions.

High blood pressure can lead to stroke, loss of vision, heart failure, heart attack, and kidney disease.

Managing blood pressure is crucial to prevent these severe health complications.

Circulatory System Flashcards Flashcards

Student preview

46 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Differences between red blood cells and white blood cells.

Back

Red blood cells carry oxygen, while white blood cells fight infection.

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Differences between an artery and a vein.

Back

Arteries carry blood away from the heart, while veins carry blood to the heart.

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Differences between an atrium and a ventricle.

Back

An atrium is a chamber at the top of the heart, while a ventricle is a chamber at the bottom.

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Three key terms that are blood vessels.

Back

Artery, vein, capillary.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Another name for the circulatory system.

Back

Cardiovascular system.

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Key term that can be compared to a highway system.

Back

Blood vessels.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Four things transported by the circulatory system.

Back

Oxygen, nutrients (glucose/sugar), carbon dioxide, urea, hormones.

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