Conceptos de Globalización

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Globalización

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It is a process of integration and interdependence of nations characterized by the intensification of international links of a commercial, financial, cultural, migratory, etc. type.

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Desaceleración de la globalización

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Represents the process of globalization at a slower pace.

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Gravitational Equation

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It is a model that predicts the flows of bilateral trade between two countries or regions based on the size of their economies (often GDP) and the distance between them.

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Border effect

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Trade flows between regions within a country tend to be much higher than between regions of different countries, even if the distances are similar.

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Liberalización

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Globalization is also shaped by political choices, institutions, and international cooperation, which requires trust and shared goals.

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Liberalización del comercio

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Phenomenon that has drastically reduced trade barriers since World War II.

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OMC (World Trade Organization)

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Global institution that facilitates trade by overseeing the rules-based trading system.

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FMI (Fondo Monetario Internacional)

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Helps countries with economic problems by providing loans and advice to maintain their economies stable.

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World Bank

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Provides money and support to poorer countries to build infrastructure such as schools, roads, and hospitals.

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Rodrik's Trilemma

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Globalization increases interdependence but creates political tensions. Only 2 of these 3 can be chosen: a. Deep economic integration: free trade, capital mobility, global supply chains. b. National sovereignty: control over domestic policies and borders. c. Democratic politics: accountable government, social protection, public responsibility.