Sampling Methods & Bias

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What is Simple Random Sampling?

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A sampling method where every individual has an equal chance of being selected. Example: Randomly selecting names from a hat.

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What is Stratified Sampling?

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A sampling method that divides the population into subgroups (strata) and randomly samples from each stratum. Example: Sampling 100 individuals from each of several different age groups.

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What is Cluster Sampling?

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A sampling method where the population is divided into clusters, and entire clusters are randomly selected. Example: Randomly selecting 5 schools and surveying all students in those schools.

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What is Systematic Sampling?

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A sampling method where you select every nth individual from a list. Example: Selecting every 10th name from an alphabetical list of students.

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What is Non-response Bias?

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A bias that occurs when individuals selected for the sample do not respond, leading to an unrepresentative sample.

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What is Response Bias?

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A bias that occurs when respondents provide inaccurate answers due to misunderstanding, misinterpretation, or social desirability.

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What is Voluntary Response Bias?

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A bias that occurs when individuals can choose whether to participate, often leading to overrepresentation of those with strong opinions.

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What is Undercoverage?

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A bias that occurs when some members of the population are inadequately represented in the sample.

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What is the purpose of Sampling Methods?

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To obtain a representative subset of a population to make inferences about the whole population.

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What is the difference between Population and Sample?

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Population refers to the entire group of individuals of interest, while a sample is a subset of the population used for analysis.