Antibiotic Resistance

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Antibiotics Noun

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[an-tee-by-ot-iks]

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Antibiotics

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Medicines that are used to destroy or slow down the growth of bacteria within the body.

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Example: This diagram shows how antibiotics kill non-resistant bacteria, but resistant bacteria survive and multiply, leading to the development of antibiotic-resistant strains.

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Bacteria Noun

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[bak-teer-ee-uh]

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Bacteria

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Microscopic, single-celled living organisms that are found everywhere and can sometimes be the cause of disease.

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Example: This diagram shows the main parts of a single-celled bacterium, including the protective cell wall, the DNA-containing nucleoid, and small DNA rings called plasmids.

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Immune System Noun

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[im-yoon sis-tuhm]

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Immune System

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The body's complex defense network that protects against disease by identifying and killing harmful pathogens and cells.

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Example: This image introduces key components of the immune system, such as different types of white blood cells (macrophages, neutrophils) and antibodies that fight invaders like bacteria.

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Virus Noun

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[vy-ruhs]

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Virus

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An infectious agent that can only replicate inside the living cells of other organisms and is unaffected by antibiotics.

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Example: This image shows four examples of viruses, highlighting their different shapes and that they contain genetic material like DNA or RNA inside a protein coat.

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Antibiotic Resistance Noun

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[an-tee-by-ot-ik ri-zis-tuhns]

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Antibiotic Resistance

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The ability of bacteria to develop defenses that allow them to withstand the effects of an antibiotic drug.

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Example: This image shows a lab test where antibiotics are tested on bacteria. The area labeled 'Resistance' shows bacteria growing unaffected, demonstrating antibiotic resistance.

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Resistance Noun

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[ri-zis-tuhns]

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Resistance

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The natural or acquired ability of an organism to withstand the effects of a harmful agent, such as a drug.

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Example: This image shows how a mosquito can develop resistance to insecticides through various biological mechanisms, including changes to its body and help from microbes.

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Genetic Trait Noun

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[juh-net-ik treyt]

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Genetic Trait

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A specific characteristic of an organism that is determined by its genetic material and can be inherited by offspring.

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Example: This image shows how the amount of pigment in cells determines eye color, a classic example of an inherited genetic trait.

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Infection Noun

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[in-fek-shuhn]

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Infection

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The invasion and multiplication of pathogenic microbes, such as bacteria or viruses, within the body's tissues.

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Example: This diagram compares normal wound healing with wound infection, showing how microbes can form a biofilm in a wound, which prevents the skin from healing properly.

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Side Effects Noun

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[sahyd uh-fekts]

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Side Effects

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Secondary and typically undesirable reactions that occur in addition to the intended therapeutic effect of a drug or treatment.

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Example: Taking antibiotics can sometimes cause unintended effects on the body, like an upset stomach, which are separate from the drug's main job of fighting bacteria.

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Complications Noun

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[kom-pli-key-shuhns]

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Complications

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A secondary disease or condition that develops during the course of an existing illness, making it more serious.

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Example: This image shows multiple medical complications, such as ulcers and nerve damage, that can arise from a disease like diabetes.