Boyles and Charles Law

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Temperature Noun

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[tem-per-uh-cher]

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Temperature

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A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles within a substance, indicating how hot or cold it is.

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Example: A thermometer measures temperature, showing a higher reading for hot water (heated by a flame) and a lower reading for cold ice.

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Pressure Noun

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[presh-er]

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Pressure

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The force exerted per unit of area, often caused by gas particles colliding with the walls of their container.

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Example: This diagram shows that air inside a balloon is at high pressure. When the balloon is punctured, the air rushes out into the area of lower pressure until the pressures become equal.

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Volume Noun

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[vol-yoom]

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Volume

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The amount of three-dimensional space that a substance, such as a gas, occupies or contains.

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Example: This diagram shows how to measure the volume of a liquid using a graduated cylinder, reading the measurement at the bottom of the curved surface (meniscus).

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Mol Noun

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[mohl]

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Mol

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A standard scientific unit for measuring the amount of a substance, containing Avogadro's number of particles.

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Example: This diagram shows how to convert between the number of moles, the mass in grams, and the number of molecules using the molecular mass (MM).

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Kelvin (K) Noun

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[kel-vin]

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Kelvin (K)

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The SI base unit of thermodynamic temperature, used in all gas law calculations, starting from absolute zero.

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Example: This diagram compares the Kelvin and Celsius temperature scales, showing how 0°C is 273.15 K and that the size of one degree is the same.

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Atmosphere (atm) Noun

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[at-muh-sfeer]

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Atmosphere (atm)

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A unit of pressure measurement equal to the average air pressure at sea level on Earth.

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Example: This image shows that at higher altitudes, there are fewer air molecules above, creating lower atmospheric pressure, while at lower altitudes, there are more, creating higher pressure.

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Kinetic Energy Noun

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[ki-net-ik en-er-jee]

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Kinetic Energy

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The energy that an object or particle possesses as a result of its motion.

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Example: This image shows a soccer ball in motion after being kicked, representing kinetic energy, the energy an object has due to its movement.

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Constant Noun

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[kon-stuhnt]

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Constant

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A quantity or condition within a scientific experiment that is intentionally kept unchanged to isolate other variables.

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Example: This image shows the different phase changes of water, such as melting and freezing. It does not illustrate the concept of a 'constant' variable in a scientific experiment.

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Boyle's Law Noun

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[boils law]

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Boyle's Law

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A gas law stating that the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional at a constant temperature.

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Example: This diagram shows that as the volume of a gas in a container decreases (piston pushed down), its pressure increases, which demonstrates Boyle's Law.

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Charles's Law Noun

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[charlz law]

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Charles's Law

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A gas law stating that the volume and absolute temperature of a gas are directly proportional at a constant pressure.

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Example: Heating the gas inside a balloon causes it to expand, showing that as temperature increases, the volume of the gas also increases at constant pressure.