Elements

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Matter Noun

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[mat-er]

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Matter

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Anything that has mass and occupies space, meaning it has volume, and is the substance of all physical objects.

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Example: This diagram shows how the particles that make up matter are arranged in its three common states: tightly packed (solid), close but random (liquid), and far apart (gas).

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Atom Noun

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[at-uhm]

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Atom

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The fundamental building block of all matter, representing the smallest unit of an element that maintains its chemical identity.

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Example: This diagram shows the parts of an atom: a central nucleus with protons and neutrons, and electrons orbiting the nucleus in shells.

Front

Pure Substance Noun

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[pyoor sub-stuhns]

Back

Pure Substance

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A type of matter with a fixed, definite composition and uniform properties throughout its entire structure.

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Example: These gold bars represent a pure substance because they are made of only one type of element: gold atoms.

Front

Element Noun

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[el-uh-muhnt]

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Element

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A pure substance composed of only one type of atom that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.

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Example: This diagram shows the structure of a single sodium atom, a type of element, with its electrons arranged in shells around a central nucleus.

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Compound Noun

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[kom-pound]

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Compound

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A pure substance made of two or more different types of atoms that are chemically bonded together in a fixed ratio.

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Example: This image shows a model of a carbon dioxide (CO₂) molecule, which is a compound formed when one carbon atom chemically bonds with two oxygen atoms.

Front

Molecule Noun

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[mol-i-kyool]

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Molecule

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A neutral particle formed when two or more atoms, either of the same or different elements, are chemically bonded together.

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Example: This image shows a water molecule (H₂O), which is formed when two hydrogen (H) atoms and one oxygen (O) atom chemically bond together.

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Mixture Noun

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[miks-cher]

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Mixture

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A combination of two or more substances that are physically combined but are not chemically united or bonded together.

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Example: This diagram shows salt and water, two separate substances, being physically combined and stirred to form a saltwater solution, which is a type of mixture.

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Metal Noun

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[met-l]

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Metal

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A class of elements that are typically shiny, strong, and are good conductors of both heat and electricity.

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Example: This image lists common objects like a spoon and a hammer to show examples of things that are made of metals.

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Non-metal Noun

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[non-met-l]

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Non-metal

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A class of elements that are typically dull in appearance, brittle, and are poor conductors of heat and electricity.

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Example: This image shows examples of non-metal elements like carbon, sulphur, and phosphorous, which typically appear dull and can be solids at room temperature.

Front

Alloy Noun

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[al-oi]

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Alloy

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A mixture of metals, or a mixture of a metal and another element, often to enhance strength or hardness.

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Example: This bronze statue is an example of an alloy, a mixture of metals. However, the image does not explain the scientific concept of what an alloy is.