Plant Reproduction

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Haploid Adjective

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[hap-loid]

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Haploid

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A cell or organism having a single set of unpaired chromosomes, representing half the full set of genetic material.

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Example: A haploid cell, labeled (n), contains only one copy of each chromosome, which is half the number found in a diploid cell (2n).

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Diploid Adjective

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[dip-loid]

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Diploid

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A cell or organism containing two complete sets of chromosomes, with one set inherited from each parent.

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Example: A diploid cell contains two complete sets of chromosomes, with one set inherited from the maternal parent and one from the paternal parent.

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Gamete Noun

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[gam-eet]

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Gamete

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A specialized haploid sex cell, such as a sperm or an egg, that fuses with another gamete during fertilization.

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Example: This image shows two types of animal gametes, a sperm and an egg, which are haploid (n). It also shows them combining to form a diploid (2n) fertilized egg.

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Zygote Noun

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[zy-goat]

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Zygote

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The diploid cell formed by the fusion of two gametes, which is also known as a fertilized egg.

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Example: This diagram shows an animal zygote, a single fertilized cell, dividing repeatedly to form a blastocyst and then developing into a more complex embryo.

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Fertilization Noun

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[fur-til-eye-zay-shun]

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Fertilization

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The biological process involving the fusion of male and female gamete nuclei to form a diploid zygote.

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Example: This diagram shows multiple sperm cells, the male gametes, approaching a large egg cell (ovum), the female gamete, to illustrate the concept of fertilization.

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Pollination Noun

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[pol-in-ay-shun]

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Pollination

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The transfer of pollen grains from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma, enabling fertilization.

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Example: A pollinator, like a bee, transfers pollen from one flower to the stigma of another, which is the first step in plant reproduction.

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Angiosperm Noun

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[an-jee-oh-spurm]

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Angiosperm

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A group of plants that have flowers and produce seeds enclosed within a protective carpel; a flowering plant.

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Example: This diagram shows a cross-section of a flower, the key reproductive part of an angiosperm, highlighting the ovary where seeds develop.

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Stamen Noun

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[stay-men]

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Stamen

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The male reproductive organ of a flower, typically consisting of a stalk (filament) and a pollen-producing anther.

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Example: This diagram shows the stamen, the male part of a flower. It labels the filament and anther, and a cross-section reveals the pollen sacs that produce pollen grains.

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Anther Noun

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[an-ther]

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Anther

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The part of a stamen that contains and produces the pollen, which houses the male gametes of a flower.

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Example: This diagram shows the anther, the part of a flower's stamen that contains pollen. A cross-section reveals the internal pollen sacs where pollen grains are produced.

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Pollen Noun

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[pol-en]

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Pollen

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A fine powder produced by the anther, containing the male gametophyte which produces male gametes in seed plants.

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Example: This diagram shows a flower's cross-section, where pollen grains land on the stigma and grow a pollen tube down to the ovary for fertilization.