Plant and Animal Cells

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Prokaryotic Cell Noun

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[pro-kar-ee-ot-ik sel]

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Prokaryotic Cell

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A simple type of cell that does not contain a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

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Example: This diagram shows the structure of a bacterium, a type of prokaryotic cell, highlighting its key parts like the free-floating DNA in the nucleoid.

Front

Eukaryotic Cell Noun

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[yoo-kar-ee-ot-ik sel]

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Eukaryotic Cell

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A type of cell that contains a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

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Example: This diagram shows an animal cell, a type of eukaryotic cell, with its membrane-bound nucleus and other organelles like mitochondria clearly labeled.

Front

Organelle Noun

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[or-guh-nel]

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Organelle

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A tiny cellular structure that performs specific functions within a cell.

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Example: This image shows a specific organelle, the mitochondrion, taking in food (represented by rice) and converting it into energy (represented by ATP/flame).

Front

Nucleus Noun

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[noo-klee-uhs]

Back

Nucleus

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The control center of a eukaryotic cell that contains the cell's genetic material and directs its activities.

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Example: This diagram shows a cutaway of the cell's nucleus, revealing its main parts like the chromatin (genetic material) and the surrounding nuclear envelope.

Front

Cytoplasm Noun

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[sy-toh-plaz-uhm]

Back

Cytoplasm

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The gel-like fluid that fills a cell and holds all of the organelles.

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Example: This diagram shows a cross-section of an animal cell, with lines pointing to the cytoplasm, the jelly-like substance that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles.

Front

Cell Membrane Noun

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[sel mem-breyn]

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Cell Membrane

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The semipermeable layer that surrounds a cell, controlling what substances enter and leave.

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Example: This diagram shows the cell membrane is a barrier made of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins that control what passes into and out of the cell.

Front

Mitochondrion Noun

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[my-toh-kon-dree-on]

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Mitochondrion

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An organelle that generates most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used for cellular energy.

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Example: This diagram shows a cross-section of a mitochondrion, labeling key parts like the inner and outer membranes, which are sites for cellular respiration.

Front

Ribosome Noun

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[ry-buh-sohm]

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Ribosome

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A cellular structure responsible for synthesizing proteins.

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Example: This diagram shows a ribosome reading instructions from an mRNA molecule to assemble amino acids into a growing protein chain, its main job in the cell.

Front

Vacuole Noun

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[vak-yoo-ohl]

Back

Vacuole

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A fluid-filled sac within a cell that holds waste and other materials, and is very large in plant cells.

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Example: This diagram shows a plant cell and uses a label to point out the large central vacuole, a key organelle for storing water and nutrients.

Front

Cell Wall Noun

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[sel wawl]

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Cell Wall

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The rigid outer layer of a plant cell that provides protection and structural support.

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Example: This diagram shows a plant cell, and the arrow points to the cell wall, the rigid outer layer that provides structural support and protection.