A small circular piece of DNA found in bacteria.

What is an antibiotic?

A substance that kills bacteria or stops their growth.

What is the difference between a scientific name and a common name?

A scientific name is universal and specific; a common name varies by place and language.

What is fragmentation?

A type of asexual reproduction where an organism breaks into pieces that regrow.

A group of organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring.

What are methanogens?

Microorganisms that produce methane gas.

What is sustainability?

Using resources in a way that does not harm future generations.

Organisms that live in very salty environments.

What is binary fission?

Asexual reproduction where one cell splits into two identical cells.

What are thermoacidophiles?

Organisms that live in hot and acidic environments.

The change in populations of organisms over time.

What are the types of selection?

Stabilizing, directional, and disruptive selection.

What is natural selection?

Organisms with helpful traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.

What is artificial selection?

Humans choose which traits are bred in organisms.

What is sexual dimorphism?

Physical differences between males and females of the same species.

What is genetic drift?

Random changes in allele frequencies, usually in small populations.

What are homologous structures?

Body parts with the same origin but different functions.

What is the bottleneck effect?

A sudden decrease in population size that reduces genetic variation.

What are analogous structures?

Body parts with similar functions but different origins.

What is the founder effect?

Reduced genetic variation when a small group starts a new population.

What are vestigial structures?

Body parts that have little or no function.

The movement of genes between populations.

What are selective pressures?

Environmental factors that affect survival and reproduction.

What is biological fitness?

An organism’s ability to survive and reproduce.

Changes in an organism’s DNA.

The formation of a new species.

What is allopatric speciation?

New species form due to geographic separation.

What is sympatric speciation?

New species form without geographic separation.

What are adaptations?

Traits that help an organism survive in its environment.

Differences in traits among individuals in a population.

When one organism copies another’s appearance for protection.

The study of heredity and how traits are passed down.

What does dominant mean?

A trait that masks another trait.

What does recessive mean?

A trait that is hidden by a dominant trait.

When both traits are fully expressed.

What does heterozygous mean?

Having two different alleles for a trait.

What is the cell cycle?

The series of stages a cell goes through to grow and divide.

Different versions of the same gene.

Cell division that produces two identical body cells.

The genetic makeup of an organism.

What is a sex-linked trait?

A trait carried on a sex chromosome (usually the X).

The physical traits you can see.

Diversity, evolution, genetics, animals, and plants vocabulary Flashcards

Student preview

113 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is a prokaryote?

Back

An organism made of cells without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is a eukaryote?

Back

An organism made of cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is a virus?

Back

A nonliving particle that needs a host cell to reproduce.

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the lytic cycle?

Back

A viral cycle where the virus makes copies and bursts the host cell.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the lysogenic cycle?

Back

A viral cycle where viral DNA stays in the host cell without killing it right away.

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is binomial nomenclature?

Back

A system that names organisms using two words: genus and species.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is a taxon (taxa)?

Back

A classification group used to organize living things.

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