8a Genetics and Meiosis Flashcard

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What is chromosome reduction?

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An event during meiosis where the chromosome number decreases by half

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What is crossing over?

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The exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids of homologous chromosomes during meiosis

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What does the term diploid refer to?

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A cell, individual, or species with two homologous sets of chromosomes

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What happens during fertilization?

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Gametes of two parents unite to form a zygote with a full set of chromosomes

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What is a gamete?

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A specialized haploid sex cell with half the standard number of chromosomes

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What contributes to genetic diversity?

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The difference in DNA sequences and genes between individuals due to events like crossing over and mutations

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What does haploid mean?

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A cell, individual, or species with only one set of chromosomes

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What are homologous chromosomes?

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Chromosomes that are similar in structure and function but differ in specific genetic instructions such as alleles

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What is independent assortment?

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The process of homologous chromosomes sorting themselves randomly during metaphase I of meiosis

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What is meiosis?

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The specialized form of cell division that produces four haploid gametes from one diploid parent cell