BIO U6 VOCABULARY

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Mitosis

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a fundamental process of cell division in eukaryotic cells where one parent cell divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells

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crucial for growth, tissue repair, and asexual reproduction, ensuring that each new cell receives an exact copy of the parent's chromosomes

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Meiosis

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A type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four gamete cells, essential for sexual reproduction.

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Crossing over

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The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, leading to genetic variation.

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a process during prophase I of meiosis where homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange segments of genetic material (DNA)

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Tetrad

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a four-part structure that forms during prophase I of meiosis

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A group of four chromatids formed by the pairing of two homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

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Homologous chromosomes

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A pair of chromosomes, one from each parent, that have the same length, shape, and genes at the same loci.

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Replicated chromosome

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A chromosome that has been copied; consists of two identical chromatids joined at the centromere.

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a structure formed during the S phase of interphase (before cell division) in which a single chromosome makes an exact copy of itself

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Chromosome

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A thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

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Humans have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs)

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Diploid

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A cell or organism that has two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

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Haploid

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A cell or organism that has only one set of chromosomes, typically found in gametes.

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Somatic cell

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Any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells.

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is any cell in a multicellular organism that makes up the body tissues and organs, excluding reproductive cells