ELA 8 Assessment Vocabulary

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Author

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The originator or designer of a text; in audio modes, may be the speaker.

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Perspective

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A way of thinking about and understanding something; includes an author’s, speaker’s, narrator’s, or character’s attitudes, beliefs, thoughts, and feelings. More complex than point of view.

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Narrative Technique

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Literary methods a writer uses to craft a story’s elements (e.g., character, setting, plot, events, conflict, flashback, foreshadowing, themes, intended effects, allusion, source material).

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Foreshadowing

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Hints the author provides about events that will happen later in a narrative, often creating suspense.

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Plot

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The sequence of events in a story, linked by cause and effect, and how those events create feelings or emotions.

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Argumentative Technique

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Strategies used to convince an audience, including claim, relevant logical evidence, counterclaim, rebuttal, and a logical conclusion.

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Counterclaim

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An argument that opposes a stated claim or thesis.

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Expository Technique

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Methods used to explain or inform, such as multiple main ideas, key details, facts, statistics, text features, interpretation of facts, evidence, and sense of closure.

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Main Idea

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The most important idea in a text; other sentences and details support it.

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Evidence

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Facts, statistics, expert testimony, text, or data used to support a claim or idea.