Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

Cell Theory

• ALL living things are made of one or more cells

• Cells are the smallest unit of life

• Cells only come from other cells

DNA

• DNA is the genetic material found in all cells

• DNA is what makes every organism different from one another

Cytoplasm

-Structure: fluid-filled region inside of the cell

-Function: the cytoplasm is jelly-like and holds all of the organelles in place

Cell Membrane

• Separates the outside of the cell from the inside

• Regulates (controls) what enters and exits the cell

• Lets food, water, oxygen, and nutrients into the cell

• Allows wastes to leave the cell

Cell Membrane (cont'd)

• Structure: made up of two layers of phospholipids (aka lipid bilayer)

• Each Phospholipid has a HEAD and a TAIL end

• The head end has a phosphate groupthat is HYDROPHILIC (attracted to water).

• The tail end has two strings of fatty acid chains that are HYDROPHOBIC ( do not mix with water) 

Ribosomes 

• make proteins for the cell

• proteins are used to do work in the cell

• ribosomes are found floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

Multiple Choice

Every living organism is made up of one or more cells.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

The fluid that fills the cell is called the

• cell membrane

• DNA

• cytoplasm

• ribosome

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not part of the cell theory?

• All cells must have DNA.

• Cells can only come from other cells.

• All living things are made from cells.

• Cells are the basic unit of life.

All cells fall into two major categories:

Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes

• single-celled

• have circular DNA
  

• Does not have a nucleus or other organelles

• very small; need a microscope to see them

• Examples: Bacteria & Archea

Eukaryotes

-can be single-celled or multicellular

-have organelles

-DNA is found inside of the nucleus

-Examples: Plants, Animals, Protists, Fungi

Multiple Choice

What type of cell is this?

• Prokaryotic

• Eukaryotic

Multiple Choice

Which do both eukaryotes and prokaryotes contain?

• nucleus

• mitochondria

• ribosomes

• cell wall

Multiple Select

Prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells have which of the following in common?

(select all that apply)

• cell membrane

• nucleus

• DNA

• ribosomes

• cell wall

Poll

How do you feel about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells after this presentation?

• I totally get prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

• I kind of get prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, but a little more information.

• There are some things that I still do not understand.

• I am totally confused.