APB - Unit 2 - Cell Structure and Function

APB - Unit 2

Cell Structure and Function #GoBioRams

Chapters 6 through 8

This should be mainly a review for most of you.

Cell Biology

Is usually a 200-level course that life science majors take in college/university.

First, be aware that we will be looking at things from a molecular level.

The tools we have used to do this include:

Light microscope

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Optical_microscope

The tools we have used to do this include:

Electron microscopes - SEM & TEM

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_microscope

The tools we have used to do this include:

Cryo-Imaging & Autoradiography

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Cryogenic_electron_microscopy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoradiograph

The tools we have used to do this include:

Fluorescence imaging

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Fluorescence_imaging

The tools we have used to do this include:

Fluorescence Microscopy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Fluorescence_microscope

The tools we have used to do this include:

Fluorescence in situ (on site) hybridization

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Fluorescence_in_situ_hybridization

The tools we have used to do this include:

Cell fractionation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Cell_fractionation

If the techniques that we just showed you interest you

many, many, many STEAMM fields use them and there is a very high demand for people who are trained to do these techniques.

STEAMM - Science Technology Engineering Arts Mathematics Medicine

The Cell Theory

1- Basic Unit of Life

2- Cells come from cells

3- All living things are composed of cells

Back to the cell

Pro- karyotes = before nucleus

Eu-karyotes = true nucleus

Pro-karyotes

First living organisms were prokaryotes.

Archaea = the ancient ones

Bacteria

https://www.visiblebody.com/

learn/biology/cells/prokaryotic-cells

Pro-karyotes

Prokaryotes are very, very, very, very small. Why does this matter?

Well, a long, long time ago one larger prokaryote, while hunting for food, swallowed a smaller prokaryote. Instead of digesting the smaller prokaryote, the bigger cell actually benefitted from the extra energy produced by the smaller, swallowed item.

Ready to get your mind blown away?

Endosymbiosis

That smaller swallowed item performed cellular respiration and produced energy for the much larger cell that swallowed it.

We now call that smaller swallowed item the mitochondria.

Endosymbiosis

The bigger cell survived and thrived and reproduced.

Enter the eukaryotes.

A long time later, another similar event happened and... enter the chloroplast.

Prokaryote

Figure 6.5 on page 97 of your textbook

Eukaryote - animal

Figure 6.8 on page 100 of your textbook

https://www.visiblebody.com/

learn/biology/cells/eukaryotic-cells

Eukaryote - plant

Figure 6.8 on page 100 of your textbook

https://www.visiblebody.com/

learn/biology/cells/eukaryotic-cells

A review

• We demonstrated that the internal structure of the cell can be viewed at the molecular level using different techniques.

• We reviewed the cell theory.

• We reviewed the endosymbiotic theory which led to the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Next time

• We will review the different parts of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

• It is assumed that this information is mainly a review, so we will proceed quickly.

• Then, we discuss cell membrane structure in depth. (Chapter 7)