Modes and Adverbs

Can I go out?

Yes, you can, but you may not!

What are modals?

A modal verb is a type of verb that is used to indicate modality – that is: likelihood, ability, permission, request, capacity, suggestions, order, obligation, or advice.

What are modals?

As the word “modal” suggests, modal verbs express the “mode” or the form that is appropriate with the intention of the speaker in using them. 

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a modal verb?

• should

• jump

• run

• were

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a modal verb?

• wood

• wheel

• would

• shallow

Multiple Select

Which of the following are modal verbs?

• will

• would

• can

• could

• shall

Modal verbs can express PROBABILITY.

We use may, might and could /+not to say that something is possible, but not certain.

Multiple Choice

Which of the sentences correctly expresses POSSIBILITY?

• She might be busy doing her modules.

• There must be a way to solve this problem.

Multiple Choice

Which of the sentences correctly expresses IMPOSSIBILITY?

• There's no easy way to break somebody's heart.

• It can't be very hot in their house since their house is fully air conditioned.

Multiple Choice

Which of the sentences correctly expresses CERTAINTY?

• I know you finished all your modules, you must be very proud.

• You must clean your room.

Modal verbs can express ABILITY.

We use can and can't to talk about someone's skill or general abilities

Open Ended

Give an example of what you can do! Use "I can ...."

The use of "could have"

We use could have to say that someone had the ability or opportunity to do something, but did not do it

Multiple Choice

Which of the sentences shows correct usage of the modal verb "could have?"

• I could have you.

• She could have finished my modules, but I played Mobile Legends and Among Us instead.

Modal verbs can express PERMISSION.

We use can to ask for and give permission to do something

Multiple Choice

Which of the sentences is asking for a permission?

• Can I help you?

• You can help me.

Multiple Choice

Which of the sentences is giving a permission?

• Can I visit you tomorrow?

• Sure! You can visit me tomorrow!

"Could" is more formal and polite than "can."

We can use can, but we can use "could" for us to sound polite and formal

Multiple Choice

Which of the sentences is formal and polite?

• Can you pick those flowers for me?

• Could I ask a question, please?

• Could you pick those flowers for me?

"May" is another more formal and polite way of asking for permission.

When you ask for permission from a person in authority or to sound the most polite, use "may."

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the most formal way of asking permission?

• Can I take you to a date?

• Could you give me more?

• May I submit my requirements now?

How to refuse permission?

We use can't and may not to refuse permission or say that someone does not have permission

Multiple Choice

Which of the sentences expresses refusal?

• Mila will not play games today.

• You may not watch K drama if your works are not yet done.

• You shall not take things for granted.

Modal verbs can express REQUESTS, OFFERS AND INVITATIONS

We use can to ask for and give permission to do something

How to REQUEST?

We start with "could you .…" and "would you …." as polite ways of telling or asking someone to do something.

Multiple Choice

Which of the sentences shows correct form of request?

• Can you give me some cupcakes?

• Would you print this document for me, please?

• Would you rather be a dog or a cat?

How to MAKE OFFERS?

We start with "can I …." or "shall I …." to make offers.

Multiple Choice

Which of the sentences shows correct form of offering?

• You shall not steal.

• Shall I take this food to the table?

• Should I give up or should I just on chasing pavements?

How to INVITE?

We use "would you like (to) ..." for invitations.

We can use "you must …" or "we must …" for a very polite invitation

Multiple Choice

Which of the sentences shows the correct form of invitation?

• We must be there when it's her birthday!

• You must clear the invitation list.

• Would you mind if I borrow your fan?

Modal verbs can express SUGGESTIONS AND OBLIGATIONS

There are proper ways of suggesting and obliging someone!

How to SUGGEST?

We use "should" and "shouldn't" to make suggestions and give advice.

Multiple Choice

Which of the sentences shows the correct form of giving an advice?

• You should take multivitamins to strengthen your immune system.

• You must be with me always.

We can make positive suggestions.

We also use "could" to make positive suggestions.

Multiple Choice

Which of the sentences shows correct usage of "could" to make positive suggestions?

• We could use the funds for a better project instead of dividing it among us.

• I could have helped you, but you ignored me.

How to express OBLIGATIONS?

We use must and mustn't to say that it is necessary (or not) to do something.

Multiple Choice

Which of the sentences shows the correct form of expressing obligations?

• Social distancing must be followed at all times.

• You must be at the party tomorrow.

• She must be tired after doing household chores.

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