matter

matter

​

Chemistry

Chemistry - the study of the structure,
composition, properties, and the behavior of
matter.

❏ Matter- anything that has mass, volume, and

inertia
- elements make up matter
- elements are made of building blocks

called atoms

Fill in the Blank

elements are made of building blocks called_____

Kinetic Molecular Theory

❏ Matter is made of tiny particles (atoms)
❏ particles are in constant motion.
❏ The higher the temperature, the greater the

motion (kinetic energy).

❏ Attractive forces between the particles

determine whether the substance is a solid,
liquid, or gas.

Pure Substance - matter with definite composition
and chemical properties
❏ Element - pure substance made of only one

kind of atom.

❏ Compound - two or more elements are

chemically combined in fixed whole number
ratio

Mixture - two or more substances that are not
chemically combined.
Homogeneous mixture - uniform throughout
Heterogeneous mixture - not uniform throughout

Classifying matter

Compounds have chemical formulas

chemical formulas - show the number and kinds of atoms. the small number is called a subscript. It is written below and to the right of the element symbol

• compounds are held together by chemical bonds
• chemical reactions are needed to separate elements in compound

Fill in the Blank

compounds are held together by chemical _____

Multiple Choice

How many different elements are present in H₂C₂H₃O₂?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

How many aluminum atoms are found in Al₂O₃?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not a compound

• H₂O - water

• NaCl - table salt

• Ag - silver

• H₂O₂ - hydrogen peroxide

heterogeneous mixtures

not uniform throughout

Multiple Select

Choose the 2 homogeneous mixtures

• chunky spaghetti sauce

• air

• beach sand

• apple juice (filtered)

Multiple Choice

Which of the diagrams does NOT show a mixture?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

Which one of the following is a pure substance?

• homogeneous mixture like salt water

• heterogeneous mixture like trail mix

• compound like water (H₂O)

Multiple Choice

This particle diagram show a sample of matter that is a _____

• element

• compound

• mixture

Property – characteristic that allows us to
recognize a particular type of matter and
distinguish it from other types

Each substance has a unique set of physical
and chemical properties.
Extensive property - depends on the amount
of matter in substance (ex: mass, volume)
Intensive property - does not depend on the
amount of matter (ex: absorbency)

Properties of Matter

Physical Properties - measured without
changing the substance.
ex: color, density, odor, melting point, state of
matter, solubility

Properties

Chemical Properties describe how
substances react or change to form different
substances
ex: reactivity with oxygen ( like rusting),
reactivity with water, radioactive decay, lack
of reactivity

Solid – matter with a definite
shape and volume, strong
intermolecular forces, not easily
compressible

Liquid – matter with no definite
shape but definite volume

Gas - matter with no definite
shape and no definite volume

Properties – states of matter

⚛

density is defined as: mass per unit
volume

⚛

The equation for finding density of
substance is

Density = Mass

Volume

most common units :

grams/milliliter (g/mL)

grams/cubic centimeter (g/cm3)

Density

❏ Use differences in

physical properties

❏ techniques

a) sieving
b) filtration
c) evaporation
d) condensation
e) chromatography
f) distillation

Separating mixtures

Multiple Choice

Density: Chemical or Physical Property

• Chemical Property

• Physical Property

Multiple Choice

Flammability (burns): Chemical or Physical Property

• Chemical Property

• Physical Property

Multiple Choice

Solubility (dissolves): Chemical or Physical Property

• Chemical Property

• Physical Property

Multiple Choice

Reacts with Acid: Chemical or Physical Property

• Chemical Property

• Physical Property

Physical changes - change in matter from
one form to another without changing
chemical properties

ex: change in state like melting or boiling,

change in size

Changes

Chemical changes - change in matter that
produces one or more new substances with
new chemical composition
Ex: rusting of an iron nail, burning fuel

Changes

Signs of a Chemical Change
1. transfer of energy

a. temperature changes
b. light released

2. color change
3. production of gas
4. formation of precipitate

a. precipitate - solid that forms and settles out of

liquid mixture

Multiple Select

Which of the following observations would indicate a chemical change has happened? Select ALL correct answers.

• a solid precipitate forms

• heat energy is released

• breaks into smaller pieces

• folded in half

• a gas is produced

Multiple Choice

This is an example of _____ change.

• Physical

• Chemical

Multiple Choice

Wood is chopped into small pieces. Then, it is burned to cook food. This is an example of a ____ change followed by a ____ change.

• chemical, physical

• physical, chemical

• physical, physical

• chemical, chemical

Changes

Law of conservation of mass - states that
matter is neither created or destroyed
during a chemical reaction

REACTANT -
starting
substances

PRODUCTS - new substances formed
from the reaction

Multiple Choice

For the equation:
2H₂ +  O₂ --> 2H₂O
How much H₂O will be produced if we react 4g of H₂ and 32g of O₂?

• 4g

• 32g

• 36g

• 28g

Multiple Choice

What is the atomic number for the element Boron?

• 5

• 11

• 6

• 16

Multiple Choice

Vertical columns on the periodic table are called _______ or families

• periods

• groups

Multiple Choice

Horizontal rows on the periodic table are called ____

• groups

• periods

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a halogen?

• Helium

• Chlorine

• Oxygen

• Neptune

Multiple Choice

what is the name of the elements in group 2 A?

• halogens

• noble gases

• alkali metals

• alkaline earth metals

Multiple Choice

Copper is shiny, malleable, and a great conductor of electricity. How would it be classified?

• Nonmetal

• Metalloid

• Metal

Multiple Choice

nonmetals are...

• dull, brittle, poor conductors, low solubility in water

• shiny or dull, brittle, semiconductor.

• shiny, malleable, conductors.

• shiny, dull, insulator.

Multiple Choice

Elements that border the bold, zigzag staircase are called

• metals

• nonmetals

• metalloids

• noble gases