Grammar Gym a.k.a The Parts of Speech

Grammar Gym a.k.a The Parts of Speech

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Reviewing what makes up our sentences

Open Ended

Which are the Parts of Speech? ( hint: there are 8)

Nouns

• A person, place, thing or idea. 

•  Examples:

  • dog, girl, restaurant, love

Types of nouns:

•  Common & Proper Nouns

• Singular & Plural Nouns

• Possessive Nouns

• Concrete & Abstract Nouns

• Collective Nouns

• Compound Nouns

• Count & Noncount

Multiple Choice

What is the difference between a Common & a Proper Noun?

• Proper nouns are always capitalized

• Common nouns are never capitalized

• Common nouns represent ordinary things

• Proper nouns represent specific things

• All of the above

Common & Proper Nouns

• Proper Nouns: A noun that names an actual person, place or thing. We ALWAYS write them with a capital letter.  

• Common Nouns: A noun that names a general person, place, thing or idea We ALWAYS write them with lowercase letters

Open Ended

What is a concrete noun?

Concrete Nouns

• Nouns that can be perceived by any of the 5 senses

• In other words, nouns that can be: seen, heard, tasted, touched, and/or smelled

Abstract Nouns

• Nouns that can only be felt 

• These nouns usually have to do with our emotions, values or feelings

Open Ended

What are some examples you can think of that are Abstract Nouns?

​Singular & Plural

​Singular means 1

​

Plural means 2

​Plural nouns cheat sheet

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​STOP!

​We make a noun plural by adding -s or any of the other rules of Plural Nouns

• Never add 's to a noun to make it plural, this changes the context of what you're trying to say

Multiple Choice

Plural, Singular or Plural Possessive?

mice's

• Plural

• Plural possessive

• Singular Possessive

Multiple Choice

Plural, Singular Possessive or Plural Possessive?

books'

• plural

• plural possessive

• singular possessive

Multiple Choice

Plural, Singular Possessive or Plural Possessive? child's

• Plural

• Singular Possessive

• Plural Possessive

Multiple Choice

Plural or Possessive?

potatoes

• plural

• possessive

Possessive Nouns

• These are nouns that are followed by an -‘s

• This symbol ‘ is called apostrophe

• It indicates something belongs to the noun

Singular Possessive

• If the noun is singular, you add ‘s after the last letter 

• Examples: 

  • My pet’s water dish

  • The book's pages

Plural Possessive

• If the noun is plural you add an apostrophe after the s

• Examples:

  • monkeys’

  • boys’

  • bottles’

• Exception to the rule: If the noun is an irregular plural noun and DOES NOT end with an s, we add 's

Multiple Choice

The ________ water dish is empty.

• dogs

• dog's

• dog'

• dogs's

Multiple Choice

The ______ slippers are very dirty!

• ballerinas

• ballerina's

• ballerin'as

Multiple Choice

The ________ playground needs to be repainted.

• childrens'

• children's

• childs

Compound Nouns

• When you combine two words to create one noun 

• Examples: trashcan, Batman, bellyache, toothache

Collective Nouns

• Singular nouns that name a group of people, animals or things

• There are collective nouns for things

  • Example: A bundle of newspapers

• There are also collective nouns for animals

  • Example: A school of fish

• They are always singular 

Open Ended

What are some collective nouns you can think of?

Count & Noncount Nouns

-Count nouns: anything that can be counted with numbers

-Noncount nouns: anything that can't be counted specifically

Pronouns

A noun's best friend

Open Ended

What is the function of a pronoun?

Pronoun

• A type of word that takes the place of a noun in a sentence.

• Examples: Sheila was hungry after school, so she decided to make some lasagna. 

Subject Pronouns

• A subject pronoun is used as the subject of a sentence in place of a person’s or thing’s name or description.

• Many times they appear after the subject has been named in the sentence

Object Pronouns

• Are used in the predicate of a sentence after an action verb or with a preposition.

• Example:

• María wanted her book back.

Multiple Choice

Are ______ planning to eat that entire pizza by themselves?

• they

• them

• their

Multiple Choice

Olga hid _____body behind the haystack.

• she

• her

• hers

Multiple Choice

Will you open the door? It’s ______!

• you

• I

• us

Possessive Pronouns

• A possessive pronoun is a pronoun that can replace the possessive noun in a sentence.

Reflexive Pronouns

• These are the ones that end in “self” or "selves." 

• They are object pronouns that we use when the subject and the object are the same noun.

Demonstrative Pronouns

• These types of pronouns do what their name suggests. the demonstrate, point out, people or things

• This (Singular) /These (Plural)- used for things that are close by

• That (Singular)/ Those (Plural)-used for things that are far away

Indefinite Pronouns

• Refer to an unknown or unnamed person or thing in specific

• They can be singular or plural

• Some of them function as either

What is an antecedent?

A pronoun usually refers to a noun that comes before it.

This noun, called an antecedent, gives the pronoun its meaning. 

Examples:

Tomas closed his book and put it down. 

Have the birds flown south yet? They should start migrating soon

The coach showed the players how they should throw the ball

Quick Review!

Let's see how much you remember!

Multiple Choice

What is the function of a pronoun?

• It replaces the noun

• It represents a thing

• It gives meaning to a noun

• I gives gender to a noun

Multiple Select

What is a noun?

• a person

• a place

• a thing

• an idea

• an action

Multiple Choice

Change to a possessive noun: The slippers that belong to the teacher.

• The teacher's slippers

• The slipper's of the teacher

• The teachers' slippers

• The teacher's slipper's

Multiple Choice

What is an antecedent?

• The pronoun before a noun

• The noun before the pronoun

• The action of the sentence

• The descriptor of the noun

Stop

Time to begin today's work

Topic: Verbs

Objective: Identifying actions and being

Poll

What is a verb?

• The action of the sentence

• The state of being

• The action or the state of being

Verbs

• Action of the sentence

• Example: Lucinda walks to school everyday.

• State of being

• Example: Lucy is sad

Action Verbs

• An action verb is a verb that describes an action,

• Examples: run, jump, kick, eat, break, cry, smile, or think.

Auxiliary Verb

• Also called a helping verb. It does not form a sentence all by itself

• It connects the main verb and helps show various tenses.

• Example: By the time we had arrived, he had completed all the work. 

The verb "to be"

• Can serve as a main verb or as an auxiliary verb.

• When it acts as a main verb it typically couples a grammatical subject with an adjective:

  -John is big.

• Or it couples the grammatical subject with another noun.

  -Mary is president

• Or it couples the grammatical subject with a phrase.

  -The book is on the table. 

Linking Verb

• Are non-to be verbs that link the grammatical subject to an adjective, a noun or a phrase.

• Examples:

• The watermelon tastes good.

• She seems like an honest woman.

• He looks out of sorts.

Multiple Choice

Many tiny insects appear sinister under a microscope.

• Action Verb

• Linking Verb

Multiple Choice

For many people Clyde Beauty has remained the greatest animal trainer of all time

• linking verb

• action verb

Multiple Choice

During his long career, Beatty faced thousands of lions and tigers.

• action verb

• linking verb

Present Tense

• The event is happening at this moment

• We usually leave the verb in its infinitive state ( original form)

• Except.....when we write in 3rd person singular

Multiple Choice

She _____ to the mall

• go

• goes

Multiple Choice

Matilde and Carlos _____ opera at Bellas Artes.

• sing

• sings

Multiple Choice

Javier ______next weekend.

• marry

• marries

Regular Verbs in the Past or Past Participle

• The past tense is usually formed by adding   –ed to the verb.

• Examples:

• played

• danced

• jumped

Irregular Verbs

• Irregular verbs are common verbs that do not follow the simple system of adding “d” or “ed” to the end of the word to form the past tense. 

• Some irregular verbs follow patterns, such as drink–drank, spring–sprang, know-knew, and blow-blew but you can’t use those patterns with predictability.

• Unfortunately, learning irregular verbs means memorization.

Multiple Select

Adjectives modify....

• nouns

• verbs

• adjectives

• pronouns

Multiple Select

Adverbs modify....

• verbs

• adverbs

• adjectives

• pronouns

Multiple Choice

Mike worked ________________on his school work this year than last year.

• harder

• more hard

Multiple Choice

Melissa walked into the classroom (loudly, more loudly, loudlier) than Ben.

• loudly

• more loudly

• loudlier

Multiple Choice

JoAnn swam the (fastest, most fast, most fastly) in the race.

• fastest

• most fast

• most fastly

Multiple Choice

The (best, more better, most best) price offered in the catalog was $9.99.

• best

• more better

• most best

Multiple Choice

The boy walked (more carefully, carefullier, most carefully) down the steps than the girl.

• more carefully

• carefullier

• most carefully

Multiple Choice

Which sentence is written correctly?

• The cat ate more fast than the dog. 

• The cat ate fastest than the dog.

• The cat ate fast than the dog.

• The cat ate faster than the dog.

Multiple Choice

Which sentence is written correctly?

• Wilma is the pretty girl in the whole school.

• Wilma is the prettiest girl in the school.

• Wilma is the prettyest girl in the whole school.

• Wilma is the prettier girl in the whole school.

Multiple Choice

Which sentence is written correctly?

• Ants are stronger than crickets.

• Ants are more stronger than crickets.

• Ants are strong than crickets.

• Ants are strongest than crickets.

Multiple Choice

Which sentence is written correctly?

• The coniferous Coast  Redwood trees are the most tallest trees in the world.

• The coniferous Coast  Redwood trees are the taller trees in the world.

• The coniferous Coast  Redwood trees are the  tallest trees in the world.

• The coniferous Coast  Redwood trees are the more taller trees in the world.

Multiple Choice

Choose the correct words: whisper …

• fluently

• correctly

• well

• softly

Multiple Choice

He ran as ... as he could.

• fastly

• faster

• fastest

• fast

Multiple Choice

Which one is comparative?

• slow

• slower

• slowest

Multiple Choice

Which one is superlative?

• big

• bigger

• biggest