Study Guide for Module 1

Study Guide for Module 1 Forces and Energy

Gravity Vocabulary

Gravity

A force that exists between objects that have mass, and that pulls them together

Mass

Amount of matter/atoms in an object

Weight

Pull of gravity on an object’s mass

Mass vs. Weight - Mass

An object will always have MASS

Mass is indestructible

Amount of atoms that is in an object does not change due to gravity pulling

Mass vs. Weight - Weight

Is the measure of the strength of gravity pulling an object.

The amount of force on an object can change due to location.

Gravity - Two Requirements

• Mass of the objects (bigger = stronger)

• Distance between the objects (farther = weaker)

Multiple Choice

Complete the following statement: The farther away two planets are the _______ the gravitational force between them.

• more
• same
• dosen't matter
• less

Multiple Choice

The SI units of force are measured in 

• Grams
• Newtons
• Pounds
• Kilograms

Multiple Choice

Mass is a measurement of 

• how much matter is present in an object
• how much weight is present in an object
• the amount a spring is compressed on a scale
• none of the answers are correct

Multiple Choice

If a feather and a hammer are dropped at the same time on the moon, where there is no atmosphere, which one will hit the ground first?

• Neither, there is no gravity on the moon.
• hammer because it has more mass
• feather because it has less mass
• both will hit at the same time

Multiple Choice

What is gravitational force?

• It makes objects at rest start moving.
• It makes objects that are moving stop.
• The force of attraction between two objects.
• It pulls you into space.

Multiple Choice

The force of gravity is related to the masses of objects attracting each other. Which planet has the greatest mass?

• Mercury 3.7

• Jupiter 23.1

• Neptune 11.0

Multiple Choice

A student drops a bowling ball and an apple from a third-story window. Both objects hit the ground at the same time. From the experiment, the student should conclude that

• the apple weighs more than the bowling ball

• more air friction is acting on the apple than on the bowling ball

• gravity pulls on both objects, causing them to fall at the same time.

Dropping Objects of Different Mass

https://youtu.be/xZs9rve5LdY

https://youtu.be/BF2Ic50m7kQ

Multiple Choice

The gravitational force exerted by an object depends on its

• volume

• mass

• weight

Multiple Choice

Which is needed to determine the amount of gravitational force between two objects?

• distance and mass

• weight and time

• area and weight

Multiple Choice

When placed at equal distances apart, the greatest gravitational attraction will be between two

• skateboards

• bowling balls

• school buses

David Scott

Feather and Hammer drop on the Moon

https://youtu.be/Oo8TaPVsn9Y

Forces

• Contact forces

• Noncontact forces

Contact Force

An object is touched and it moves

Noncontact Force

An object is not touched and it moves

Multiple Choice

An icy road has less __________ than a dry road.

• friction

• gravity

• magnetism

• water

Multiple Choice

Applied force is an example of a _________________ force.

• contact

• non-contact

• balanced

• unbalanced

Multiple Choice

______________ is a force that always acts in the direction opposite of motion.

• applied

• friction

• gravity

• normal

Multiple Choice

Magnetic Force is an example of ____________ force.

• contact

• non-contact

• balanced

• unbalanced

Multiple Choice

Friction is a

• Contact Force

• Myth

• Non-contact Force

Multiple Choice

Gravity is a

• Contact Force

• Myth

• Non-contact Force

Multiple Choice

The three examples pictured are of

• Non-contact Forces

• Contact Forces

Multiple Choice

A non-contact force is between

• two objects that aren't touching

• two objects that are touching

• the ground and wheels

• you and me

Multiple Choice

A contact force is from

• objects physically touching

• far apart objects

• not touching object

• always a pull

Balanced Force

Is when an equal force is pulling in the opposite direction and another force is pushing it.

Unbalanced Force

When a force is pulling an object and another force is pushing the object and one force is greater than the other

Multiple Choice

Which could be an example of an unbalanced force?

• A plate sitting on a dining table
• A ball at the top of a hill that is not moving
• Earth orbiting the Sun 
• A baseball that has been thrown to home plate.

Multiple Choice

Balanced or unbalanced?

• balanced
• unbalanced

Multiple Choice

These forces are...

• Balanced

• Unbalanced

Multiple Choice

These forces are...

• Balanced

• Unbalanced

Multiple Choice

What is the net force?

• 40 N left
• 0 N Balalnced
• 400 N right
• 40 N right

Multiple Choice

What is the net force?

• 30 N left
• 25 N right
• 5 N left
• 55 N right

Multiple Choice

How will this object move? 

• It won't move. 
• It will move to the right. 
• It will move to the left. 
• It will move in both directions. 

Multiple Choice

How will this object move? 

• It won't move. 
• It will move to the right. 
• It will move to the left. 
• It will move up. 

Magnetism/Magnetic Force

noncontact force that pulls object containing iron, nickel, or cobalt

an attractive or repulsive force between electrically charged particles

Electromagnetism

A combined force of electricity and magnetism

Measured in Amperes (A)

https://youtu.be/sFC7-WVNUP8

Bill Nye the Science Guy

Electromagnetism

https://youtu.be/sFC7-WVNUP8

Multiple Choice

The area of magnetic force around a magnet is known as its ____________.

• magnetism

• magnetic current

• magnetic field

• electric current

Multiple Choice

What happens when an electric current flows through a wire?

• The wire begins to spin.

• Nothing happens.

• A field of gravity is created around the wire.

• A magnetic field is created around the wire.

Multiple Choice

What happens to the strength of a magnetic field as you move away from the magnet?

• The strength of the magnetic field increases.

• The strength of the magnetic field doesn't change.

• The strength of the magnetic field is doubled.

• The strength of the magnetic field decreases.

Scientific Laws

•  a statement about how things act in the natural world. It is based on observations, and it is always true under the same conditions

• Law of universal gravitation

• Law of conservation of mass

Newton's first law of motion

inertia -  a body at rest will stay at rest until it is acted upon by another object

Multiple Select

Inertia refers to _____

• the tendency of moving objects to remain in motion

• the force which keeps moving objects in motion with a constant velocity

• the force that keeps stationary objects at rest

• the tendency of stationary objects to remain at rest

Multiple Choice

The law of inertia (Newton's first law) applies _____.

• to moving objects only

• only to objects that are not moving

• to both moving and nonmoving objects

Multiple Choice

A scientific ____________ is a statement that describes what always happens under certain conditions in nature.

• law
• theory
• method
• variable

Multiple Choice

Which of these describes a natural phenomenon or relationship that always occurs under specific conditions

• theory

• law

Multiple Choice

Which of these can change when new evidence is presented?

• theory

• law

Speed and Motion

• s = d/t

• instantaneous speed - object's speed at one specific point in time.

• average speed - takes into account the distanced traveled anf the total time it took to complete the journey.

Speed and Velocity

• Speed - a measurement of how fast an object is moving over a certain amount of time

• Velocity is both the speed and the direction of an object

Acceleration

• Acceleration describes the rate of change of velocity over time

• Velocity is speed and direction - so any change in speed or change in direction is acceleration.

Multiple Choice

In each of the following cases, determine where the car has no acceleration ?

• A car shortly after a stoplight turns green.
• A car approaching a red light
• A car with the cruise control set at 80 km/h
• A car turning a curve at a constant speed

Multiple Choice

Why does a car accelerate as it round a corner at a constant speed?

• Its direction changes
• It doesn't
• It slows down
• Its speeds up  

Multiple Choice

Acceleration is defined as the CHANGE in 

• time it takes for one place to move to another place. 
• velocity of an object.
• distance divided by the time interval 
• velocity divided by the time interval 

Multiple Choice

If a cyclist rides for 45 km in 3 hrs what is his average speed? 

• 0.06 km/hr
• 15 km/hr
• 135 km/hr
• 15 hr/km

Multiple Choice

What is the formula for calculating speed? 

• S=T/D
• S = D/T
• S= D X T

Multiple Choice

Which statement is true about velocity?

• Must have measurement of speed.

• Must have a measurement of speed and direction.

• Must have only direction.

• Has neither a measurement of speed or direction.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following represents a velocity?

• 40 m
• 40 m north
• 40 m/s
• 40 m/s north

Multiple Choice

Velocity is both ____ and _____. 

• speed , direction 
• direction, mass
• volume, density 
• direction, magnitude 

Multiple Choice

Total distance divided by total time is

• average speed
• constant speed
• instantaneous speed
• acceleration

Multiple Choice

What is speed?

• how far you go
• how much distance is covered over a period of time
• how fast you accelerate
• the change in the location of a object

Vocabulary.......

Constant speed -  moves the same distance each second

Steepness - steep slope shows a fast speed

Slope - steepness of the line

Multiple Choice

This variable in an experiment is the one being deliberately changed by the scientist. 

• dependent variable
• independent variable
• data
• control group

Multiple Choice

What prefix is represented by the following symbol:  k

• hecto
• kilo
• deci
• deka

Multiple Choice

What SI unit is used to measure length?

• meters

• liters

• centimeters

• kilograms

Multiple Choice

The SI unit for time is the __?__.

• hours (h)

• liter (L)

• gram (g)

• second (s)

Multiple Choice

The SI unit for temperature is __?__.

• degree fahrenheit  (° F)
• degree celsius  (° C)
• kelvin  (K)
• degree centigrade  (°C)

Multiple Choice

What is the correct SI unit for mass?

• Kilograms
• newtons
• pounds
• grams

Multiple Choice

How many times does this object STOP moving?

• None
• Once
• Twice
• Three times

Multiple Choice

What does this graph represent?

• Constant speed
• Acceleration
• Not moving

Multiple Choice

What is this graph showing?

• Constant Speed
• Acceleration (speeding up)
• Deceleration (slowing down)
• No motion

Multiple Choice

What is happening at A?

• Stationary
• Accelerating
• Slower steady speed; moving away from the starting position
• Steady speed; returning to start position

Multiple Choice

What is happening at D?

• Stationary
• Accelerating
• Fast steady speed; moving away from the starting position
• Slower steady speed; moving away from the starting position

Multiple Choice

The Dependent/Responding Variable goes on the ___ axis

• x
• y

Multiple Choice

The Independent/Manipulated Variable goes on the ___ axis

• x
• y

Multiple Choice

How many times does this object STOP moving?

• None
• Once
• Twice
• Three times

Multiple Choice

Determine the speed at 20 seconds based on the information shown in the graph.  Speed = distance/time

• 2 m/s
• 10 m/s
• 20 m/s
• .5 m/s

Energy takes Work

• Energy - the ability to do work; using force to move an object

• gravitational potential energy - the energy stored in an object due to it's height

• elastic potential energy - energy stored in elastic materials due to the stretching of the material

• translation kinetic energy - energy due to motion from one location to another

Energy

• Mechanical Energy

• Electrical Energy

• Chemical Energy

• Thermal Energy

• Sound Energy