Temperature and Thermal Energy Notes

Temperature

and

Thermal Energy Notes

Vocab recap:

• Matter: Anything that has mass and takes up space.

• Volume: The amount of space an object takes up.

A state is a form in which matter exists.

There are 3 states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas.

(Yes, and plasma but were not going to be talking about plasma.)

Solid

• definite shape

• definite volume

• molecules are close together and only vibrate in place

Liquid

• no shape of its own (indefinite shape)

• definite volume

• molecules are loosely packed and can move past each other

Gas

• no shape of its own (indefinite shape)

• no volume of its own (indefinite volume)

• molecules are far apart and can move past each other

Multiple Select

Which state(s) of matter have no definite shape?

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

Multiple Select

Which state(s) of matter have a definite volume?

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

Multiple Select

Which state(s) of matter's molecules are close together and only vibrate in place?

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

Multiple Select

Which state(s) of matter's molecules can move past each other?

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

Moving from one state of matter to another requires

gaining or losing energy.

Phase Changes:

Water at 0°C or 32°F

Freezing point: liquid --> solid

Melting point: solid --> liquid

Water at 100°C or 212°F

Boiling point: liquid --> gas

Condensation point: liquid --> gas

Multiple Choice

If I remove thermal energy from a liquid it will become a...

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

Multiple Choice

True or false: Liquid water can be -30°C (under normal atmospheric conditions).

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

What state is water in at 110°C?

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

Multiple Choice

Freezing point is the same temperature as...

• Boiling Point

• Melting Point

• Condensation Point

Kinetic Theory of Matter

all of the particles that make up matter are constantly in motion.

Temperature

(°C, °F, K)

a measure of the AVERAGE kinetic energy of the particles in an object.

Thermal Energy

a measure of the

TOTAL kinetic energy in an object.

Thermal energy depends on the temperature of an object AND number of particles it contains.

Multiple Choice

Which has the highest AVERAGE kinetic energy?

• Lake

  10°C

  200,000L

• Cup of Tea

  90°C

  0.2 L

Multiple Choice

Which has the highest TOTAL kinetic energy?

• Lake

  10°C

  200,000L

• Cup of Tea

  90°C

  0.2 L

Multiple Choice

Which has the highest TOTAL kinetic energy?

• 50g Gold Bar at 30°C

• 50g Gold Bar at 60°C

Multiple Choice

Which has the highest AVERAGE kinetic energy?

• 50g Gold Bar at 30°C

• 50g Gold Bar at 60°C

Multiple Choice

Which has the highest TOTAL kinetic energy?

• 500g Gold Bar at 60°C

• 50g Gold Bar at 60°C

Multiple Select

Which has the highest AVERAGE kinetic energy?

• 500g Gold Bar at 60°C

• 50g Gold Bar at 60°C

Multiple Choice

Which has the highest TOTAL kinetic energy?

(assuming they have the same mass)

• ice

• water

• steam

Multiple Choice

Which has the highest TOTAL kinetic energy?

• A cup of hot water

• A tub of cold water