South Asia History

South Asia History

Indus Valley Civilization

• South Asia's first two cities - Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa

• started around 2500 B.C near to Indus river

• Well planned, made form bricks, 90 degree streets, food storage, great bath, drainage, indoor plumbing, protection walls

• later developed farming, trade, made copper and iron tools

• collapsed in between 1700- 1500 B.C

• flood in Indus, change the course of Indus, earthquake

Aryans

• 1500 B.C nomadic people lived in the north of S.A- Aryan

• developed language Sanskrit written Vedas

• Vedas divide four Varna's- social group (based on works)

• priest- warriors- farmers- unskilled labor s

• later it turned into caste system where one born in particular cast group and can not change it

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Two religions- Hinduism and Buddhism

• Hinduism is world's oldest and third largest

• Aryan culture blend with other people of region- many deities

• believe that all deities are different parts of same soul/ sprit - Brahman

• every living things has soul and tries to reunite with the sprit -Brahman

• rebirth and purify the soul finally reunite to Brahman- reincarnation

• Everyone must follow the duty- Dharma

• consequences of the works- karma

• Dharma and karma are interlinked

• If Dharma and karma are matched, they will reach nearer to Brahman in next life

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Buddhism

• people suffered because they are attached to materials which are not lasting

• Eight fold path is the way to get rid off

• think clearly, work hard, show deep concern are some of them

• by following it one can reach Nirvana- state of endless peace and joy

• got support of poor and the one who had no social stand

Multiple Choice

What is correct about South Asia's first two cities?

• they developed on the bank of river Ganga

• they were developed in around 1500 B.C

• they were advanced in making bricks and planned cities

• the place today lie in India

Multiple Choice

Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro was probably collapsed because of..

• earthquake

• flood in Indus river

• change of course of Indus river

• all of the above

Multiple Choice

What was the language Aryans used in ancient India?

• Sanskrit

• English

• Hindi

• Urdu

Multiple Choice

A........is social group that someone is born into and cannot change

• caste

• Varna

• boycott

• karma

Multiple Choice

Buddhist center of pray and study in Bhutan is called...

• temple

• dzongs

• sitars

• school

Multiple Choice

Two major religions developed in South Asia are...

• Islam and Hindu

• Hindu and Christian

• Hindu and Buddhist

• Buddhist and Islam

Multiple Choice

According to Hinduism, what one should do to end the cycle of reincarnation?

• Need to work according to dharma and face karma

• stop doing one's duty or dharma

• believe in karma

• pray for god and goddesses

Multiple Choice

According to Hinduism person's goal to reach Brahman. Then What Buddhism aim to reach for...

• reincarnation

• nirvana

• dzongs

• eight fold paths

South Asian Empires

• powerful empires emerged - Mughal in 300s B.C

• Asoka controlled much of the territories

• Buddhist - spread Buddhism in South and Southeast Asia

• Late Chandragupta- I established Gupta empire in 320 A.D in Northern plain

• Trade increased, mathematics and science was advance . Number system fro m 1-9 was developed

• Arabic copied number system to Europe and America

• during 1500s Mugal ruled India - Islam

• came from North of India

• Akbar famous ruler - art was developed, lower taxes

• by 1700s they were collapsed and British controlled much of South Asia

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Modern South Asia

• during 1600 A.D East India Company was established

• later they made country British and controlled S. A by 1800s

• Company established European way of life

• In 1857 soldiers in India revolted against British but British started to rule absolutely

• build railroads, ports schools

• by 1900s independent movement started- Mahatma Gandi

• civil -disobedience- not following the unjust rule by people peacefully

• held strike by boycott - not buying British products

• got support by Hindu- Muslim were afraid that they might underestimated

• After WW-II India got Independence but divided 1947

• Hindu - India, Muslim- Pakistan ( west and east)

• in 1971 east Pakistan declared independence and made its name....

• in 1948 Ceylon got independence- Sri Lanka

• Maldives - 1965 A.D

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Conflicts in S.A

• Boarder conflict - India and Pakistan in LOC

• Bangladesh - Bengali and Tamil

• Kings and Communist rebel in Nepal ( but settled now)

Multiple Choice

refusal to buy certain kinds of good is called

• a dharma

• reincarnation

• boycott

• a caste

Multiple Choice

India got independence in 1947 and got divided into two countries. what were those countries?

• India and Pakistan

• East Pakistan and west Pakistan

• Pakistan and Bangladesh

• India and Sri- Lanka