South Asia History

South Asia History

Indus Valley Civilization

• South Asia's first two cities - Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa

• started around 2500 B.C near to Indus river

• Well planned, made form bricks, 90 degree streets, food storage, great bath, drainage, indoor plumbing, protection walls

• later developed farming, trade, made copper and iron tools

• collapsed in between 1700- 1500 B.C

• flood in Indus, change the course of Indus, earthquake

Aryans

• 1500 B.C nomadic people lived in the north of S.A- Aryan

• developed language Sanskrit written Vedas

• Vedas divide four Varna's- social group (based on works)

• priest- warriors- farmers- unskilled labor s

• later it turned into caste system where one born in particular cast group and can not change it

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Two religions- Hinduism and Buddhism

• Hinduism is world's oldest and third largest

• Aryan culture blend with other people of region- many deities

• believe that all deities are different parts of same soul/ sprit - Brahman

• every living things has soul and tries to reunite with the sprit -Brahman

• rebirth and purify the soul finally reunite to Brahman- reincarnation

• Everyone must follow the duty- Dharma

• consequences of the works- karma

• Dharma and karma are interlinked

• If Dharma and karma are matched, they will reach nearer to Brahman in next life

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Buddhism

• people suffered because they are attached to materials which are not lasting

• Eight fold path is the way to get rid off

• think clearly, work hard, show deep concern are some of them

• by following it one can reach Nirvana- state of endless peace and joy

• got support of poor and the one who had no social stand

Multiple Choice

What is correct about South Asia's first two cities?

• they developed on the bank of river Ganga

• they were developed in around 1500 B.C

• they were advanced in making bricks and planned cities

• the place today lie in India

Multiple Choice

Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro was probably collapsed because of..

• earthquake

• flood in Indus river

• change of course of Indus river

• all of the above

Fill in the Blank

Aryans came and settled in Northern part of South Asia in ..................................B.C

Multiple Choice

What was the language Aryans used in ancient India?

• Sanskrit

• English

• Hindi

• Urdu

Multiple Choice

A........is social group that someone is born into and cannot change

• caste

• Varna

• boycott

• karma

Multiple Choice

Buddhist center of pray and study in Bhutan is called...

• temple

• dzongs

• sitars

• school

Multiple Choice

Two major religions developed in South Asia are...

• Islam and Hindu

• Hindu and Christian

• Hindu and Buddhist

• Buddhist and Islam

Multiple Choice

According to Hinduism, what one should do to end the cycle of reincarnation?

• Need to work according to dharma and face karma

• stop doing one's duty or dharma

• believe in karma

• pray for god and goddesses

Multiple Choice

According to Hinduism person's goal to reach Brahman. Then What Buddhism aim to reach for...

• reincarnation

• nirvana

• dzongs

• eight fold paths

South Asian Empires

• powerful empires emerged - Mughal in 300s B.C

• Asoka controlled much of the territories

• Buddhist - spread Buddhism in South and Southeast Asia

• Late Chandragupta- I established Gupta empire in 320 A.D in Northern plain

• Trade increased, mathematics and science was advance . Number system fro m 1-9 was developed

• Arabic copied number system to Europe and America

• during 1500s Mugal ruled India - Islam

• came from North of India

• Akbar famous ruler - art was developed, lower taxes

• by 1700s they were collapsed and British controlled much of South Asia

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Modern South Asia

• during 1600 A.D East India Company was established

• later they made country British and controlled S. A by 1800s

• Company established European way of life

• In 1857 soldiers in India revolted against British but British started to rule absolutely

• build railroads, ports schools

• by 1900s independent movement started- Mahatma Gandi

• civil -disobedience- not following the unjust rule by people peacefully

• held strike by boycott - not buying British products

• got support by Hindu- Muslim were afraid that they might underestimated

• After WW-II India got Independence but divided 1947

• Hindu - India, Muslim- Pakistan ( west and east)

• in 1971 east Pakistan declared independence and made its name....

• in 1948 Ceylon got independence- Sri Lanka

• Maldives - 1965 A.D

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Conflicts in S.A

• Boarder conflict - India and Pakistan in LOC

• Bangladesh - Bengali and Tamil

• Kings and Communist rebel in Nepal ( but settled now)

Multiple Choice

refusal to buy certain kinds of good is called

• a dharma

• reincarnation

• boycott

• a caste

Multiple Choice

India got independence in 1947 and got divided into two countries. what were those countries?

• India and Pakistan

• East Pakistan and west Pakistan

• Pakistan and Bangladesh

• India and Sri- Lanka