Gen Bio Unit 1 Exam Review

Gen Bio Unit 1 Exam Review

Scientific Method, Characteristics of Life, Atoms, Water & Macromolecules

Scientific Method

• Observation Studies - learn more about something

• Experimental Studies - use an experiment to test a hypothesis

• Hypothesis must be testable & falsifiable

Multiple Choice

This variable in an experiment is the one being changed by the scientist.

• dependent variable

• independent variable

• data

• control group

Multiple Choice

If you increase the amount of spinach you eat, then you will increase the iron in your blood.

What's the dependent variable?

• amount of spinach eaten

• amount of iron in blood

Multiple Choice

Mrs. McNice wanted to see how different types of music affected students' pulse rates. She played different types of music: heavy metal, rap, R&B, alternative, pop, country, and classical music. What constant should be considered when doing this experiment?

• amount of time the music was played

• types of music

• using a different student for each music type

Control Groups

• What you do NOT change during the experiment

• You compare all of your variables to the control group

• The control group gets....

  ~Nothing

  ~Nadda

  ~ZERO

Multiple Choice

How many hours of sunlight causes your skin to burn?

What would be your CONTROL GROUP?

• 10 hours of sunlight

• 5 hours of sunlight

• 0 hours of sunlight

Multiple Choice

What is the group in an experiment that receives treatment with the independent variable?

• control group

• experimental group

Characteristics of Living Organisms

All living things:

1. Are made up of one of more cells
2. Produce new organisms
3. Share a universal genetic code
4. Grow & Develop
5. Obtain and use energy
6. Respond to the environment
7. Maintain a stable internal environment (homeostasis)
8. Evolve over time (as a population)

Multiple Choice

A pet goldfish needs fish food.

Which characteristic of life does this refer to?

• Living things maintain a stable internal environment

• Living things respond to their environment

• Living things grow and reproduce

• Living things are composed of one or more cells

• Living things need energy

Multiple Choice

Streptococcus, a round cell, is the bacteria that causes strep throat.

Which characteristic of life does this refer to?

• Living things need energy

• Living things respond to their environment

• Living things maintain a stable internal environment

• Living things are composed of one or more cells

• Living things grow and reproduce

Multiple Choice

"Germ-eating" macrophages take in and destroy germs.

Which characteristic of life does this refer to?

• Living things need energy

• Living things respond to their environment

• Living things maintain a stable internal environment

• Living things are composed of one or more cells

• Living things grow and reproduce

Multiple Choice

A _____ is something in the environment that causes an organism to respond.

• cause

• stimulus

• response

• effect

Multiple Choice

Living things are based on a universal genetic

code. What molecule is responsible for that code?

• RNA

• Lipid

• Protein

• DNA

Multiple Choice

For single-celled organisms, _____ is

mostly an increase in size.

Multicellular organisms go through a

process called __________, where cells

divide and differentiate into different

kinds of cells.

• Evolve, respond to stimulus

• Growth, development

• Expansion, progress

• Production, evolution

Atoms

Composed of 3 subatomic particles.

Protons - positive, in the nucleus

Neutrons - neutral, in the nucleus

Electrons - negative, in orbits

Valence electrons - electrons on the outermost shell, responsible for bonding between atoms

Multiple Choice

What is the negative subatomic particle that orbits the nucleus

• proton

• neutron

• electron

Multiple Choice

Atoms joined together by SHARING electrons are?

• covalent bonds

• ionic bonds

• metallic bonds

Multiple Choice

Chemical formula for Caffeine is C₈H₁₀N₄O₂, which element in the formula has the most atoms?

• carbon

• hydrogen

• nitrogen

• oxygen

Multiple Choice

Why do the noble gases not react with other elements?

• They don't want to

• They have 8 valence electrons

• Their protons and electrons are balanced

Multiple Choice

The octet rules states that the atom is most stable when its valence electrons number is equal to

• 8

• 12

• 18

• 32

Multiple Choice

Which of the elements are exceptions to the octet rule?

• Oxygen & Carbon

• Nitrogen & Argon

• Hydrogen & Helium

• Krypton & Iron

WATER

• Due to the electronegativity of Oxygen, is a polar molecule

• Bind with other water molecules via covalent and hydrogen bonds

• Cohesion = water + water

• Adhesion = water + another substance

Multiple Choice

Large bodies of water do not quickly fluctuate in temperature. Why?

• water is a solvent

• water has high heat capacity

• water acts as a buffer

• water is non-polar

Multiple Choice

Water is a universal solvent because it...

• it can be found anywhere

• floats when frozen

• dissolves most substances

• freezes when it gets cold

Multiple Choice

The tightness across the surface of water that enables paper clips to float is ____________.

• adhesion

• capillary action

• surface tension

• polarity

Multiple Choice

A florist places a bouquet of white carnations in water containing blue dye. After a time, the flowers turn blue. What process helped the carnations to change color?

• heat capacity

• formation of covalent bonds between hydrogen and oxygen molecules

• adhesion in the form of capillary action

• cohesion in the form of surface tension

Multiple Select

Which of the following characteristics of water are a result of hydrogen bonding?

• adhesion

• cohesion

• capillary action

• surface tension

Multiple Choice

Describe COHESION.

• water molecules attract to other substances

• water molecules climb upwards against the force of gravity

• water molecules dissolve many substances because of its polarity

• water molecules attract to other water molecules

Macromolecules

• Carbohydrates. Monomer: monosaccharide, CHO

• Lipids. Monomer: glycerol & fatty acid chain, CHO

• Nucleic Acid. Monomer: nucleotide, CHONP

• Protein. Monomer: amino acid, CHON

Multiple Choice

Glycerol and fatty acids combine to form...?

• lipids

• proteins

• carbohydrates

• nucleic acids

Multiple Choice

Glucose (sugar) is an example of?

• lipid

• carbohydrate

• protein

• nucleic acid

Multiple Choice

Which subunits make up the structure of all proteins?

• glucose

• nucleotides

• amino acids

• nucleic acids

Multiple Choice

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen are elements in what biomolecule?

• lipid

• carbohydrate

• protein

• nucleic acid

Multiple Choice

I am responsible for long term energy storage in mammals.

• lipid

• carbohydrate

• protein

• nucleic acid

Enzymes

• Nature's catalyst

• Enzymes are PROTEINS!!

• Enzymes lower the activation energy to speed up chemical reactions

• The acitve site is specific to each substrate "lock and key"

Multiple Choice

Enzymes will make a reaction go _______ and use ______ energy.

• faster, less

• slower, less

• faster, more

• slower, more

Multiple Choice

The "lock and key hypothesis" attempts to explain the mechanism of?

• Vacuole formation

• Sharing of electrons

• Enzyme are specific to a substrate

• Pinocytosis

Multiple Choice

Any substance that is acted upon by an enzyme is called a(n)?

• coenzyme

• vitamin

• substrate

• polypeptide

Multiple Choice

Which line represents an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

• Line 1

• Line 2

Multiple Choice

A catalyst is an enzyme that

• A - speeds up the rate of a reaction

• B - reduces the amount of energy needed for a reaction to start

• Both A & B are correct

• Neither A nor B are correct

Multiple Choice

Once an enzyme has helped a reaction take place, it can then

• be reused for another reaction with the same reactants

• be broken down

• be stored in the cell until it is needed again

• be used to help different reactants go through a reaction

Multiple Choice

Compare the two pathways, which pathway shows the reaction that has taken place with the help of an enzyme?

• Pathway 1

• Pathway 2

• You cannot tell from these graphs

Multiple Choice

Looking at the graph, how would you know which reaction took place with the help of an enzyme?

• The peak for the activation energy is lower

• The peak for the activation energy is higher

• There is less energy in the products than the reactants

• There is no way to tell