Building the Colonies

Building the Colonies

Multiple Choice

Religious oppression in England and the colonization of New England are examples of which of the following concepts?

• migration and democracy

• conflict and change

• sectionalism and migration

• migration and reform

Section 1

The Southern Colonies

The Original Words of the Mayflower Compact

Do you believe that this is the original Mayflower Compact?

The Original

A true historian would understand that the Mayflower did not come equipped with typewriters.

Questions about the Mayflower Compact

1) The passage you have just read is from a document outlining the government of the colony at Plymouth. If a historian wanted to study the reasons the colony made the laws that it did, would this be a good source to use? Why or why not?

2) Where else might a historian look to verify the information found in this source?

3) Reading this document as a historian, can you determine who wrote it, and what viewpoints and beliefs the authors held?

Answer on the next slide.

Open Ended

Answer questions from the previous slide here:

Jamestown Colony

On April 26, 1607, the first 105 colonists sent by the London Company arrived in America. On May 14, about 40 miles up the James River in Virginia, the colonists founded Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in North America. In 1609, some 400 more settlers arrived in Jamestown. That winter was known as "the starving time." By spring of 1610 only 60 colonists were still alive.

Poll

IMAGINE: A year ago, in 1609, you moved to the colony of Virginia. Life here has been hard. During the winter many people died of cold or sickness. Food is always scarce. Now it is spring, and a ship has come from England bringing supplies. In a week it will sail home. Some of your neighbors are giving up and returning to England. They ask you to come, too.

• I would take the ship back to England.

• I would stay in the New World.

John Smith

• Controlled Jamestown

• Built a fort there in 1608

• Created rules that rewarded harder workers

• Made a deal with the Powhatan Confederacy of Native Americans so that they would bring food to help the colonists and teach them how to grow corn.

John Rolfe

• Married Pocahontas, daughter of the Powhatan leader in 1614

• Their marriage helped the colonists form peaceful relationships with the Native Americans

• After her death in 1617, colonists killed a Powhatan leader which started a war with the Virginia settlers that lasted for the next twenty years,

Confusing word pairs or ideas:

• indentured servant vs. slave - indentured servants voluntarily signed a contract to work for 4-7 years to pay for their journey to America. After that time, they were considered free citizens of the New World. Slaves, on the other hand, were forced to travel to the new world, and never promised freedom.

• emigrant vs. immigrant - https://www.dictionary.com/e/immigrants-vs-emigrants-vs-migrants/

https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1FNJ2tqWxRP2QOyhprFJnSnTHvWK33e7GJa_Z2lTZ0Jc/edit

Multiple Choice

The FIRSTpermanent settlement in North American was where and when?

• Plymouth, 1606

• Jamestown, 1607

• Maryland, 1605

Multiple Choice

If you were placing the FIRSTestablishment of Jamestown on a timeline, where should you place it?

• Just to the left of 1600

• Just to the right of 1600

• Halfway between 1600 and 1700

• Close to 1700

Multiple Choice

The colony that had the climate and land to support large scale agriculture was--

• New York

• Maryland

• South Carolina

• Connecticut

Multiple Choice

Which is one reason that contributed to the development of the transatlantic slave trade to North America?

• Haiti and St. Domingue abolished slavery after a massive uprising.

• Many colonies captured American Indians for the slave trade and farm work.

• Small farmers of New England colonies needed additional labor for specialized craft work.

• Plantations of the Southern colonies needed a large labor supply to work the land all year.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following depended on the use of slavery

• barter system

• sharecropping

• massproduction

• plantation agriculture

Multiple Choice

Why did cotton and tobacco production require large plantations in order to become profitable?

• Southern crops consumed nutrients in the soil that were difficult to replace.

• Insufficient rainfall forced farmers to find new sources of water.

• The poor quality of land determined the size of the farm.

• Frequent crop failures made agriculture difficult.

Multiple Choice

The colonial region that had the climate and land to support large scale agriculture was the--

• New England Colonies

• Middle Colonies

• Southern Colonies

• West Indian Colonies

https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1QmEjHVcNvfJOdyfhIjW5jJcnfHb9chWc3ioRFRIMaho/edit#gid=0

US History.com

The Middle Colonies

William Penn paid 1200 pounds for the land he purchased from the Delaware Indians.

Americans have often prided themselves on their rich diversity. Nowhere was that diversity more evident in pre-Revolutionary America than in the middle colonies of Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, and Delaware. European ethnic groups as manifold as English, Swedes, Dutch, Germans, Scots-Irish and French lived in closer proximity than in any location on continental Europe. The middle colonies contained Native American tribes of Algonkian and Iroquois language groups as well as a sizable percentage of African slaves during the early years. Unlike solidly Puritan New England, the middle colonies presented an assortment of religions. The presence of Quakers, Mennonites, Lutherans, Dutch Calvinists, and Presbyterians made the dominance of one faith next to impossible.

The middle colonies included Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, and Delaware.

Advantaged by their central location, the middle colonies served as important distribution centers in the English mercantile system. New York and Philadelphia grew at a fantastic rate. These cities gave rise to brilliant thinkers such as Benjamin Franklin, who earned respect on both sides of the Atlantic. In many ways, the middle colonies served as the crossroads of ideas during the colonial period.

New Netherlands to New York

England was not the first European power to settle the land known now as New York. That distinction belongs to the Dutch.

Governor Stuyvesant, appointed by the Dutch West India Company, told the colonists of New Netherland, "I shall govern you as a father his children."

Ironically, the English explorer Henry Hudson brought the region to the attention of the Netherlands in 1609 by sailing into New York Bay and up the river that would eventually bear his name.

New Netherland became a reality fourteen years later. The Dutch West India Company hoped to reap the profits of the area's fur trade.

Shortly after setting up camp, Peter Minuit made one of the greatest real estate purchases in history. He traded trinkets (small ornaments, jewelry, etc.) with local Native Americans for Manhattan Island. The town that was established there was named New Amsterdam.

The Dutch had no patience for democratic institutions. The point of the colony was to enrich its stockholders.

The most famous governor of the colony, Peter Stuyvesant, ruled New Amsterdam with an iron fist. Slavery was common during the Dutch era, as the Dutch West India Company was one of the most prominent in the world's trade of slaves.

Languages that could be heard in the streets of New Amsterdam include Dutch, French, Flemish, Swedish, Danish, Finnish, and several other European and African tongues.

Northwest of New Amsterdam, New Netherland approached feudal conditions with the awarding of large tracts of land to wealthy investors. This would create eventual instability as the gap between the landed and the landless grew more obvious.

After Charles II came to the throne, the English became very interested in the Dutch holdings. In 1664, he granted the land to his brother, the Duke of York, before officially owning it.

When a powerful English military unit appeared in New Amsterdam, Governor Stuyvesant was forced to surrender and New Netherland became New York.

Quakers in Pennsylvania and New Jersey

Quakers

Central to the Quaker way of life was the Meeting House. Here, Quakers would come together to worship. William Penn was a dreamer. He also had the king over a barrel. Charles II owed his father a huge debt. To repay the Penns, William was awarded an enormous tract of land in the New World. Immediately he saw possibilities. People of his faith, the Quakers, had suffered serious persecution in England. With some good advertising, he might be able to establish a religious refuge. He might even be able to turn a profit. Slowly, the wheels began to spin. In, 1681, his dream became a reality.

Quakers, or the Society of Friends, had suffered greatly in England. As religious dissenters of the Church of England, they were targets much like the Separatists and the Puritans. But Friends were also devout pacifists. They would not fight in any of England's wars, nor would they pay their taxes if they believed the proceeds would assist a military venture. They believed in total equality. Therefore, Quakers would not bow down to nobles. Even the king would not receive the courtesy of a tipped hat. They refused to take oaths, so their allegiance to the Crown was always in question. Of all the Quaker families that came to the New World, over three quarters of the male heads of household had spent time in an English jail.

William Penn, founder of Pennsylvania ("Penn's Woods") and planner of Philadelphia, established a very liberal government by 17th century standards. Religious freedom and good relations with Native Americans were two keystones of Penn's style.

The Quakers of Penn's colony, like their counterparts across the Delaware River in New Jersey, established an extremely liberal government for the seventeenth century. Religious freedom was granted and there was no tax-supported church. Penn insisted on developing good relations with the Native Americans. Women saw greater freedom in Quaker society than elsewhere, as they were allowed to participate fully in Quaker meetings.

Pennsylvania, or "Penn's Woods," benefited from the vision of its founder. Well advertised throughout Europe, skilled artisans and farmers flocked to the new colony. With Philadelphia as its capital, Pennsylvania soon became the keystone of the English colonies. New Jersey was owned by Quakers even before Penn's experiment, and the remnants of New Sweden, now called Delaware, also fell under the Friends' sphere of influence. William Penn's dream had come true.

City of Brotherly Love — Philadelphia

Philidelphia

William Penn had a distaste for cities. His colony, Pennsylvania, would need a capital that would not bring the horrors of European urban life to the shores of his New World experiment. Penn determined to design and to administer the city himself to prevent such an occurrence. He looked with disdain on London's crowded conditions and sought to prevent this by designing a city plan with streets wider than any major thoroughfare in London. Five major squares dotted the cityscape, and Penn hoped that each dweller would have a family garden. He distributed land in large plots to encourage a low population density. This, he thought, would be the perfect combination of city and country. In 1681, he made it happen.

Penn's selection of a site was most careful. Philadelphia is situated at the confluence of the Schuylkill and Delaware Rivers. He hoped that the Delaware would supply the needed outlet to the Atlantic and that the Schuylkill would be the needed artery into the interior of Pennsylvania. This choice turned out to be controversial. The proprietors of Maryland claimed that Penn's new city lay within the boundaries of Maryland. Penn returned to England to defend his town many times. Eventually the issue would be decided on the eve of the Revolution by the drawing of the famed Mason-Dixon Line.

With Penn promoting religious toleration, people of many different faiths came to Philadelphia. The Quakers may have been tolerant of religious differences, but were fairly uncompromising with moral digressions. It was illegal to tell lies in conversation and even to perform stage plays. Cards and dice were forbidden. Upholding the city's moral code was taken very seriously. This code did not extend to chattel slavery. In the early days, slavery was commonplace in the streets of Philadelphia. William Penn himself was a slaveholder. Although the first antislavery society in the colonies would eventually be founded by Quakers, the early days were not free of the curse of human bondage.

Early Philadelphia had its ups and downs. William Penn spent only about four years of his life in Pennsylvania. In his absence, Philadelphians quibbled about many issues. At one point, Penn appointed a former soldier, John Blackwell, to bring discipline to town government. Still, before long Philadelphia prospered as a trading center. Within twenty years, it was the third largest city, behind Boston and New York. A century later it would emerge as the new nation's largest city, first capital, and cradle of the Liberty Bell, Declaration of Independence, and Constitution.

The Ideas of Benjamin Franklin

Ben Franklin

• Born in 1706 in colonial Boston

• Ran away to Philadelphia when he was seventeen

• Made a fortune out of the three pennies he had carried with him to the city.

• Experimented with electricity throughout his life and is credited with the invention of the lightning rod.

• Established a fire house, library, and hospital for Philadelphia. 

• Developed products as diverse as an efficient wood-burning stove and bifocal reading glasses

• Seventy years old when the Revolution started

Ben Franklin (2)

• Served as a delegate to the Continental Congress

• Served as a statesman abroad representing the colonies.

•  Pennsylvania Gazette soon surpassed all Boston publications in circulation.

• Poor Richard's Almanac became a staple for many of the literate colonials.

• By the age of forty-two, he made enough money to retire.

Multiple Choice

Colonial Boston, Philadelphia, and New York were good places for settlement because they were located near --

• mining towns

• ocean harbors

• large plantations

• mountain ranges

Multiple Choice

Which religious group mostly settled in Pennsylvania in the 1600's?

• Catholics

• Lutherans

• Quakers

• Jews

https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1QmEjHVcNvfJOdyfhIjW5jJcnfHb9chWc3ioRFRIMaho/edit#gid=0

Mrs. Johnson's Faux Pas (mistake)

Well, here is the moment you will discover my imperfections as a first-year history teacher. I believed in my review of the the text book that Jamestown and Plymouth Settlements were one in the same. I was wrong by several hundred miles and thirteen years. Please pay attention to Mr. Zoller's video. I believe it will help clear things up. I apologize for the misinformation.

Multiple Choice

Which of these pairs of colonies depended MOST on the ocean as a source of food and commerce?

• Virginia and Deleware

• Virginia and Pennsylvania

• Maryland and North Carolina

• Massachusetts and Rhode Island

Multiple Choice

Which of these statements BEST explains the population distribution shown on the map above?

• Colonies were formed near water and trade routes.

• Colonies were formed in southern areas first.

• The Southern Colonies had the most water resources.

• The Appalachian Mountains hindered migration southward.

Multiple Choice

All of the following contributed to the growth of the plantation system EXCEPT--

• adequate water

• good soil

• long growing season

• abundance of skilled labor

Multiple Choice

In what way did physical geography influence the settlement patterns that emerged in the American colonies?

• Dense forests in the Southern coonies made settlement in the region difficult.

• Access to water resources concentrated settlement into the southern colonies.

• Mountain barriers kept settlements pushed to the eastern part of the colonies.

• The close proximity of New England to Britain attracted settlement to the area.

NEW ENGLAND COLONIES

Multiple Choice

How was the developing economy of the early New economy of the early New England colonies affected by the physical geography of the region?

• Rich soil and flat lands resulted in sprawling farms and plantations.

• Warm coasal waters resulted in shrimping and rice cultivation in flooded tidewaters.

• The mountainous terrain resulted in widespread mining for precious metals like gold and silver.

• Rocky soil and cold winters resulted in small farms while protective harbors promoted fishing and ship building.

Multiple Select

Which of the following were industries in the New England colonies?

• shipbuilding

• fishing

• blacksmithing

• lumber milling

• fur trapping and trading

Multiple Choice

Religious oppression in England and the colonization of New England are examples of which of the following concepts?

• migration and democracy

• conflict and change

• sectionalism and migration

• migration and reform

Multiple Choice

Which is the chief reason English Puritans settled in North America during the 17th century?

• to flee from warfare

• to discovr precious metals

• to establish new businesses

• to escape religious persecution

Multiple Choice

Most North American settlers during the 17th and 18th centuries arrived from nations in --

• Eastern Asia

• Southern Asia

• Western Europe

• Southern Europe

Multiple Choice

The primary reason for Christopher Columbus' first voyage across the Atlantic in 1492 was to

• discover the Fountain of Youth.

• find a western passage to Asian spice islands.

• find El Dorado, the legendary city of gold.

• establish a religious colony.

Multiple Choice

One factor that motivated many European explorers to voyage to North America was to —

• acquire riches

• spread slavery.

• create new kingdoms

• avoid prison for crimes

Multiple Choice

Which geographic boundary slowed westward expansion of American colonists during the 17^th and 18^th centuries?

• Lake Erie

• Mississippi River

• Spanish Territory

• avoid prison for crimes

Multiple Choice

Which geographic boundary slowed westward expansion of American colonists during the 17^th and 18^th centuries?

• Lake Erie

• Mississippi River

• Spanish Territory

• Appalachian Mountains

Multiple Choice

All of the following contributed to the growth of the plantation system

EXCEPT—

• adequate water

• good soil

• long growing season

• abundance of skilled labor

Multiple Choice

Which geographical feature did Boston, New York, and Philadelphia have in common that influenced their growth?

• Each had a major port.

• Each was on high ground.

• Each was part of the New England Colonies

• Each had a warm climate

Multiple Choice

In what way did physical geography influence the settlement patterns that emerged in the American colonies?

• Dense forests in the Southern colonies made settlement in the region difficult.

• Access to water resources concentrated settlement into the southern colonies.

• Mountain barriers kept settlements pushed to the eastern part of the colonies.

• The close proximity of New England to Britain attracted settlement to the area.

Multiple Choice

The transatlantic slave trade began when —

• sugar plantations in the West Indies needed labor

• cotton became a cash crop in the southern colonies

• American Indians refused to work on southern plantations

• indentured servants went on strike in the southern colonies

Multiple Choice

During the Colonial period, which group settled in New York primarily for economic gains?

• Spanish

• French

• Dutch

• English

Multiple Choice

A chief factor pulling many Europeans immigrants to the United States during the nineteenth century was —

• to acquire cheap land

• to obtain voting rights

• to escape indentured servitude

• to gain religious converts

Multiple Choice

I. 1st Great Awakening

II. Rhode Island established

III. Toleration Act

IV. Quaker Colony established in Pennsylvania

Place the events above in the correct sequence of the development of religious freedom.

• I, II, IV, III

• II, IV, I, III

• III, I, II, IV

• II, IV, III, I

Multiple Choice

Plymouth Colony—> Rhode Island—> Pennsylvania

The founding of the colonies above demonstrates the development of which of the following American principles?

• legislative system

• civic participation

• religious freedom

• triangular trade

Multiple Choice

Plymouth Colony—> Rhode Island—> Pennsylvania

The founding of the colonies above demonstrates the development of which of the following American principles?

• legislative system

• civic participation

• religious freedom

• triangular trade