Connectors

Connectors

Subordinating, coordinating conjunctions and conjunctive adverbs.

Conjunctive adverbs

Conjunctive adverbs put two independent clauses or sentences together and make a new sentence

It can be used at the beginning, middle, or end of a single independent clause.

:however,

,however

.However,

Subordinating conjunctions

 A subordinating conjunction (because, although. until, if, when, while, before, after) is used to join an independent clause and a dependent clause. They can come at the beginning of a sentence or in the middle when they begin another clause.

 

Comma

 When you begin the sentence with the subordinating conjunction and the dependent clause, use a comma after the dependent clause 

 Although I wrote for ten hours, I didn't finish my composition.

NO COMMA !

When you use the subordinating conjunction in the middle of the sentence and the dependent clause at the end, don't use a comma after the first (independent) clause.

 I didn't finish my composition although I wrote for ten hours.

Coordinating conjunction

 These conjunctions can be used to join two independent clauses, so they come in the middle of a sentence rather than the beginning.

Use a comma before a coordinating conjunction when it is being used to join two independent clauses.

I was tired, so I went to bed.

The coordinating conjunctions and and or can be used to join two nouns, verbs, adjectives, or adverbs. In these cases, don't use a comma before the conjunction.

Multiple Choice

I wrote for ten hours ---------I didn't finish my composition.

• ;but

• ,but

• .But,

Multiple Choice

Jared is a millionaire __________________ his brother Jeremy is always flat broke.

• ;In contrast,

• .Accordingly,

• ,again ,

• :Likewise,

Multiple Choice

He felt he couldn’t tell the truth about what happened; ___________________, he lied.

• In contrast

• Likewise

• Undoubtedly

• Instead

Multiple Choice

She is a very smart girl ­­­­­­­­­­­­__________________ it’s not at all surprising that she gets such good grades.

• ,again,

• ;Besides,

• ,Contrarily,

• ;therefore,

Conjunctive adverbs

Subordinating conjunction

Fill in the Blanks

Karni’s roommate, Joana, decided to drive to work; (1) _____, Karni rode into the city with her.They needed to turn left on 140th Street, (2) _____ that street was under construction. (3) _____ Karni could say anything, (4) _____, Joana had already found an alternate route.

But/however/therefore/before/since/also

TWO EXTRA !

Fill in the Blanks

(4) _____ did Karni arrive at work, (5) _____ her boss told her she would be working with her coworker Ian on her next project. Karni was really impressed by Ian’s professional accomplishments, (6) _____ she was anxious about working with him.Karni thought Ian was annoying, unpredictable, (7)_____ reckless.

Than/no sooner/but/nevertheless/and/however

Fill in the Blanks

(1) _____, Karni was willing to put aside her opinions to get the job done.She knew Ian would put in his best effort (2) _____ they worked together,(3) _____ she felt she could do no less—(4)_____ he frustrated her.Personal relationships are often (5) _____ important (6)_____ professional skills.

While/so/however/instead of/even if/as

Multiple Choice

What coordinating conjunctions would you use?

• and, but, and, or, yet

• and, so, but, and, yet

• or, and,and,or,so

Subordinating Conjunctions (TO READ)

This research examined the practices of summer sites serving migrant students. Our results indicate that there is great variance among the sites. _________ guidance and training originate from the central office at the Department of Education and Learning, the leaders of each site decide what to do with this information. Some sites that are in close proximity act cooperatively, ________ by sharing resources or by coordinating activities. Other sites draw mainly from internal resources _________ looking for help from the immediate community. ________ there are resources available at the federal level, few respondents seemed aware of them.

Multiple Choice

This research examined the practices of summer sites serving migrant students. Our results indicate that there is great variance among the sites. ________ guidance and training originate from the central office at the Department of Education and Learning, the leaders of each site decide what to do with this information.

• Even if

• Although

• If only

• Unless

Multiple Choice

Some sites that are in close proximity act cooperatively, _______ by sharing resources or by coordinating activities.

• before

• even though

• whether

• rather than

Fill in the Blanks

Other sites draw mainly from internal resources ______ looking for help from the immediate community. _________ there are resources available at the federal level, few respondents seemed aware of them.

until/if only/before/even though/and

(unless/ .Wherever)