

Indices
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Mathematics, Other
•
11th Grade
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Hard
KASSIA! LLTTF
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Indices

2
Laws of Indices
1. Product : am×an=am+n E.g : 32×34=36 =729
2. Division : am÷an=am−n E.g: 34÷32=32=9
3. Power raised to another : (am)n=am×n E.g : (a2)3=36
4. Negative power : a−m=am1 E.g: 2−3=231
5. Fractional power: amn=man E.g: 1624=2164=256
6. Zero Power: a0=1 E.g: 70=1
7. Fraction with a negative power: (ba)−m=(ab)m E.g: (81)−2=(18)2=64
3
Solving Exponential Equations
TYPE 1
Eg:1 4x =0.5 Eg:2 2x2+x=4 Eg:3 7x2−4−1=0
4x=2−1 (l4) same base same base
(22)x=2−1 ∴x2+x=2 ∴x2−4=0
22x=2−1 x2+x−2=0 x2=4
same base (factorize) x=4
∴2x=−1 (x+2)(x−1)=0 x=2 x=−2
x=−21 x=−2 x=1
NB: Before solving for x the same base has to be obtained.
4
Equations reducible to quadratic form.
TYPE 2 Eg:1 Solve: 32x−12(3x)+27=0
Note (l3): (3x)2−12(3x)+27=0
52x=(52)x & (5x)2 Let 3x=y y2−12y+27=0 (fact.) (y−9)(y−3)=0 ∴y=9 or 3 When y =9 When y =3 3x=9 3x=3 3x=32 3x=31 same base ∴x=2 ∴x=1
5
Type 3
Eg:1 9x+1+1=10(3x) when y=1 when y =91
9(9x)+1=10(3x) 3x=30 3x=321
9(3x)2+1=10(3x) ∴=0 3x=3−2
9(3x)2−10(3x)+1=0 ∴x=−2
Let y =3x
9y2−10y+1=0 (fact.)
(y−1)(y−91)
y=1 y=91
6
Negative variable power
TYPE 4
Eg:1 3x=4−3(3−x) y=3 y=1
Let y = 3x 3x=31 3x=1
y=4−3(y1) same base∴x=1 3x=30
y=4−(y3) ( ×y ) same base ∴x=0
y2=4y−3
y2−4y+3=0
(y−3)(y−1) =0
7
Using radicles (roots)
TYPE 5
Eg:1
x2=(x+2)2
x2=x+2 (squared both sides)
x2−x−2=0 (fact.)
(x−2)(x+1)=0
x=2 x=−1
NB: When a root sign is squared it results in the number or expression under the root.
8
Higher Power
TYPE 6 when y = 9 when y =4
Eg:1 x4−13x2+36=0 x2=9 x2=4
Lety=x2 x=3,−3 x=2,−2
y2−13y+36=0 (fact.)
(y−9)(y−4)=0
y=9 y=4
The equation started with x to the power of 4 therefore 4 answers was optained.
Indices

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