East Asia History & Culture
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Social Studies, Geography
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9th - 12th Grade
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17 Slides • 20 Questions
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East Asia
History & Culture
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History
China has had the longest known continuous civilization on the planet. Technologically, China was far more developed than surrounding civilizations throughout most of history. Centralized rule in China, a legacy that remains today, began in 221 BCE with the Qin dynasty.
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It was during that time that the Chinese borders of today first emerged. The Qin dynasty was particularly notable for beginning construction on what today is the 4,000-mile-long Great Wall. The early 1900s were a time of revolutionary movement for China. In 1911, Sun Yat-sen led a revolution that ended China's long period of dynastic rule.
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Communism took root when a revolution led by Mao Zedong convinced the country's large peasant population to back him against rival Chiang Kai-shek. Mao and his followers named their new government the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. This government is still intact today. Chiang Kai-shek fled to Taiwan, where he formed a government called the Republic of China (ROC).
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Mongolia
From 1205 to 1405, the Mongol Empire ruled over a vast area that extended from China to beyond the Black Sea (this included parts of Eastern Europe and Russia). In 1691 the Mongols came under Chinese rule. The country remained under Chinese rule until 1911, when the state declared independence.
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The Korean Peninsula
After Japan's defeat in World War II, it lost its foreign territories, including the Korean Peninsula. It was at this time that Korea became tangled in the Cold War.
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The Soviet Union was allied with the resource-rich North Korea, while the U.S. defended South Korea. In 1950, North Korean forces
invaded the South, sparking the Korean War. This war unofficially ended with the establishment of a Demilitarized Zone(DMZ) at the border between the two countries in 1953.
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Japan
The Japanese Empire fell apart in 1945, after its defeat in WWII. During the war, the U.S. dropped two separate atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. More than 140,000 Japanese, mostly civilians, died in Hiroshima.
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At Nagasaki, another 70,000 died. They too were mostly civilians. After being devastated by World War II, Japan began to rebuild. That effort has proved successful and Japan now has one of the top three economies in the world.
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Culture
• Mandarin and Cantonese are the official languages of China. Chinese languages use logograms when written. This means they use symbols to represent whole words. • Korean and Japanese use some Chinese logograms, and half of the Korean vocabulary is derived from Chinese. For writing purposes, Japanese uses logograms in combination with syllabaries, characters that are used to represent syllables.
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→ All three languages (Chinese, Korean, and Japanese) have honorific modes used to recognize differences among people in society in regards to class, age, income, education, and other traits. The honorific system is strongest in the Japanese language.
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• Religion: In Tibet (region of China), Buddhist is particularly popular. In China, there are also adherents to Confucianism and Taoism. Shinto is common in Japan and is often practiced in tandem with Buddhism. Other less practiced religions include Islam and Christianity.
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• At least 98% of those living in Taiwan are of Chinese origin. Some migrated after the defeat of Nationalist forces in 1949. North Korea, South Korea, and Japan have almost entirely homogenous populations.
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• Seoul in South Korea, Tokyo in Japan, and Taipei in Taiwan are among the world’s biggest industrialized cities. These three countries are often referred to as East Asia's "tigers." This is a term meant to highlight their strong and developed economies.
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East Asia
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