2.4 Trans-Saharan Trade Routes

2.4 Trans-Saharan Trade Routes

Please get your notebook- where you took notes and add or highlight/underline KEY information

Open Ended

What have you learned about West Africa so far this year? Think "SPICE-T".

Learning Objectives- think SPICE T

• Human adaptation and innovation have resulted in increased efficiency, comfort, and security, and technological advances have shaped human development and interactions with both intended and unintended consequences.

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Open Ended

What is our SPICE-T Theme for this learning objective?

Trans-Saharan Trade Routes

• The trans-Saharan trade route transformed West Africa by connecting it to the larger parts of the world. This trade route in particular was intriguing as it required the need for human adaptation and innovation over this vast desert area. 

• This trade route is often overlooked but it’s actually super cool! It has all the components of a good trade network: the formation of diasporic communities, new technology, the spread of religion (Islamic traditions) and even a super rich king by the name of Mansa Musa.

Explain the causes and effects of the growth of trans-Saharan trade. (causation skill)

• The growth of interregional trade was encouraged by innovations in existing transportation technologies.

• The growth of interregional trade was encouraged by innovations in existing transportation technologies.

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Multiple Select

Brainstorm: What innovations would you use in a desert to travel and be able to trade? Check all the apply

• new governments

• camels and camel saddles

• oases/oasis

• caravans

• caravanserai's

Multiple Select

What products was West Africa known for? (check all that apply)

• gold

• salt

• slaves

• silk

• porcelain

How did it all start?

• As always, technology helped spur this trade networks. The two big ones here are camel saddles and caravans. Camel saddles helped traders (mostly Berber nomads) ride the camels (the only pack animals equipped to survive in the desert without water for long periods of time) without injury, so it was easy to carry goods faster. Caravans were groups of traders traveling together, which often protected them from desert raiders. 

• These technologies made this route far safer and easier to travel, and thus trans-Saharan trade flourished, carrying salt, gold, slaves, and cowrie shells, the last of which were used as currency.

Open Ended

What theme is this? Think SPICE-T.

A variety of internal and external factors contribute to state formation, expansion, and decline. Governments maintain order through a variety of administrative institutions, policies, and procedures, and governments obtain, retain, and exercise power in different ways and for different purposes.

Learning Objective: Explain how the expansion of empires influenced trade and communication over time. (CCOT skill)

• The expansion of empires—including Mali in West Africa–facilitated Afro-Eurasian trade and communication as new people were drawn into the economies and trade networks

Expansion of Empires and Ideas along this route

• The biggest religion that spread across this trade route was Islam. Over time, if African states weren’t already taken over by the Islamic caliphate, they may have converted voluntarily, with much help from the Arab Berber traders, many of whom were already converted to Islam.

• Additionally, empires with valued goods expanded rapidly during this flourishing of the trade route, such as the Mali, Ghana, and Songhai empires.

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Multiple Choice

What Islamic Caliphate had crossed North Africa and gone to Al-Andulus (Spain)?

• Umayyad Caliphate (Dynasty/Empire)

• Mamluk Caliphate (Dynasty/Empire)

• Seljuk Turk Caliphate (Dynasty/Empire)

• Abbasid Caliphate (Dynasty/Empire)

Mansa Musa

• Timbuktu became known throughout the world

• Djenne Mosque built by Mansa Musa

Multiple Choice

A diaspora is a community of a certain group people...

• Living in a neighborhood

• Attending School

• Waging war

• living in another country

Multiple Choice

An important trade state located near its namesake "straits" that would control trade on the eastern edge of the Indian Ocean Trade network and become a target for European colonization because of its strategic value.  

• Srivijaya 
• Akbar
• Qing
• Malacca 

Multiple Choice

A series of plagues that hit Europe in the 14th Century transported by fleas on black rats aboard ships and across the Silk Roads, showing the dangerous side of global trade networks.The resulting death-toll killed almost half of Europe's population.  

• The Black Death
• Spanish Flu
• SARS
• Cat Scratch Fever

Multiple Choice

A series of trade networks through Central Asia that linked Europe, Indian, and China through the trade of luxury items while being facilitated by Buddhist monasteries.  

• Gold Roads
• Silk Roads
• Sand Roads
• Sea Roads

Multiple Choice

List the 3 West African kingdoms in chronological order.

• Ghana, Mali and Songhai
• Mali, Songhai and Ghana
• Songhai, Ghana and Mali
• Ghana, Songhai and Mali

Multiple Choice

What is the spread of knowledge and ideas through trade called?

• Cultural impact
• Cultural diffusion
• Cultural infusion
• Cultural concentration

Multiple Choice

What was the name of a major African city that was one of the world's most sophisticated centers of leaning and culture in the 15th and 16th centuries?

• Zimbabwe
• Zanzibar
• Timbuktu
• Alexandria

Multiple Choice

The Swahili trading cities would have been MOST likely to have engaged in trade with

• Greece.
• India.
• Rome.
• Spain.

Multiple Choice

What three empires in western Africa flourished because of the trans-Saharan trade of gold and salt?

• Mali, Axum, Zimbabwe
• Ghana, Mali, Songhai
• Axum, Ethiopia, Ghana
• Timbuktu, Ethiopia, Mali

Multiple Choice

Which kingdom broke free from Mali, created an Islamic empire, and then conquered Mali?

• Songhai
• Ghana
• Egypt
• Mali

Multiple Choice

What were the major goods traded on the Trans-Saharan Trade route?

• Gold and slaves

• Iron and slaves

• Gold and salt

• Iron and gold

Multiple Choice

Where are we going to see the spread of Christianity in Africa? (1.5)

• Ethopia

• Egypt

• Mali Empire

• Ghana

Multiple Choice

What technologies were most important in the Trans-Saharan Trade route?

• Astrolabe and Junk Ship

• Caravans and Caravansaries

• Camel Saddle and Caravans

• Lateen Sail and Astrolabe

Multiple Choice

What religion most prominently spread along the Trans-Saharan Trade?

• Islam

• Buddhism

• Christianity

• Hinduism