Species Extinction and Adaptation

Species Extinction and Adaptation

Presented by: Jordan M. Cardillo

• Ancient Elephant

Philippine Rhinoceros

Cebu Tamaraw

Cebu Warty Pig relative species

Multiple Choice

When does extinction happen?

• It happens if the species dies.

• It happens when the last member of the species dies.

• It happens when the species lost their habitat.

Learning Task 1.

Write a simple paragraph about the changing environment in this time of pandemic. Cite at least three changes that you need to adapt in order to survive in the New Normal. Complete the paragraph.

Open Ended

There are three changes that I need to adapt in order to survive in the new normal.

These are _________________________________________.

Learning Task 2. 

Choose the correct answer to be familiarized with the extinct animals of the Philippines.

Multiple Choice

Description:

Introduced in the 13^th - 16^th century from Sabah in the reign of the Sultanate of Sulu, and became extinct on Maguindanao or were transported back to Sabah. Bone fragments are the only proof left behind of their existence.

• Fossil marines-Pleistocene

• Asian elephant/ Elephas maximus-Holocene

Multiple Choice

Description:

Once roamed in the plains of Luzon, Mindanao and the entire Philippine Archipelago. Unfavorable geographical conditions and human exploitation caused their extinction.

• Philippine Rhinoceros / Pleistocene

• Stegodon luzonensis / Pleistocene

Multiple Choice

Description:

Discovered in Palawan in 2011. The fossil has not yet been extracted from the rocks in the fear of destroying the natural heritage caves of Palawan. Future technology in fossil extraction is the only way to get and identify the fossil.

• Palawan fossil sirenian / Miocene

• Cebu Warty Pig / Holocene

Multiple Choice

Description:

Excavation in Callao Cave, in the lowland (c. 85 m elevation) Cagayan River Valley of northeastern Luzon, Philippines, have produced the first fossils of any endemic genera of pine murinae rodents.

• Fossil marines / Pleistocene

• Cebu tamaraw Bubalus cebuencis / Pleistocene or Holocene

Multiple Choice

Descriptions:

Two articulated phalanx bones and other phalanx piece were found amidst an assemblage of other animal bones and stone tools in Ille Cave near the village of New Ibajay. From the stone tools, besides, and the use of fire, it would appear that early humans accumulated the bones.

• Stegodon luzonensis / Pleistocene

• Tiger- Panthera tigris sp.

Multiple Choice

Description:

Due to the lack of complete skeleton, it lived during the Pleistocene era (2,588 milion - 11, 700 years ago) and that it was essentially the larger version of its modern cousin.

• Philippine Rhinoceros - Pleistocene

• Asian elephant / Elephaus maximus - Holocene

Multiple Choice

Description:

Lived on the island of Cebu beforebecomming extinct in modern times, primarily due to habitat destruction and humanexploitation. The subspecies was declared extinct in 2000, however, other warty pig subspecies still survive on other Philippine Islands.

• Stegodon luzonensis / Pleistocene

• Cebu Warty Pig - Holocene

Multiple Choice

Description:

Stood only 75 cm (2 ft. 6 in) and weighed about 150 to 160 kg (330 to 350 lb). The species was smaller than the modern Mindoro tamaraw.

• Tiger- Panthera tigris sp

• Cebu Tamaraw - Pleistocene or Holocene

Causes of Extinction of Species

• Climactic Heating and Cooling

• Changes in Sea Levels or Currents

• Asteroids / Cosmic Radiation

• Acid Rain

• Disease / Epidemic

• 
  

• 
  

Causes of Extinction of Species

• Spread of Invasive Species

• Human Causes of Extinction

• Habitat Degradation

• Climate Change and Global Warming

• 
  

• 
  

Fill in the Blank

__________. From John W. William's research, their findings indicated that "By the end of the 21^st century, large portions of the Earth's surface may experience climates not found at present and some 21^st century climates may disappear.

Fill in the Blank

__________. Habitat loss and degradation affect 86% of all threatened birds, 86% of mammals and 88% of threatened amphibians.

Fill in the Blank

_________. The reverberations of their impact to Earth can be felt around the world. The impact site is completely destroyed. Radiation is being emitted from outer space and the sun. A supernova remnant is one source of cosmic radiation.

Fill in the Blank

_____________. The biodiversity Earth can't keep up with the rapid changes in temperature and climate. The species are not used to severe weather conditions and long seasons.

Fill in the Blank

__________. Increase in population, destruction / fragmentation of habitat, pollution and climate change / global warming.

Fill in the Blank

______________. They use resources that the other species depend on. Once competition gets too great, the survival of the fittest plan will begin, and one of the species, usually the natural one, will die off.

Fill in the Blank

_____________. This is the result of melting freshwater. The denser, saltier water sinks and forms the currents that marine life depends on. Ocean floor spreading and rising also affects sea level.

Fill in the Blank

___________. This forms when sulfur dioxide and or nitrogen oxides are put into the atmosphere. Increases the acidity of the soil which affects plants life. It can also disturb rivers and lakes to a possibility lethal level.

Fill in the Blank

__________. Each species has defense mechanisms like immunities and the ability to fight disease. With the changing climate and landscape certain species are losing their ability to fend off disease. They are becoming more susceptible to disease and epidemics, which can lead to their eventual extinction.