Ionic Bonding

Ionic Bonding

Now is a good time to pull up your Common Ion Chart

Ionic Bonding

• Occurs when a valence electron is transferred from a metal to a nonmetal

• The resulting charge difference holds them together

Naming ionic compounds is pretty simple.

• Cation + Anion = ionic compound

Metal + Nonmetal

• The metal or Cation is capitalized

• The nonmetal or Anion is not capitalized

• Change the Nonmetal ending to -ide

• Sodium chloride

Multiple Choice

Lithium Chloride

• LiCl

• Li₃Cl

• LiClO₃

• LiClO₄

Multiple Choice

KBr

• Potassium Bromine

• Potassium Bromate

• Potassium Bromide

• Potassium Bromite

Multiple Choice

NaBr

• Sodium Bromide

• Sodium Bromine

• Sodium Bromate

• Sodium Baride

Multiple Choice

What is the name for LiF?

• Lithium Fluoride
• Lithium Fluorine
• Fluorine Lithide

Aluminum + Chlorine

• Aluminum ion has a 3+ charge after giving its valence electrons to Chlorine

• Chlorine has 7 valence electrons on each atom, only having room for 1 more

• This electron transfer forms Chloride ions

• It takes 3 Chlorine atoms to absorb the electrons from Aluminum

• Aluminum Chloride is formed

• AlCl₃

Calcium + chlorine

• Ca²⁺ + 2 Cl^1-

• Calcium chloride

Calcium + Phosphorus

• Calcium loses 2 valence electrons

• Phosphorus has room to accept 3 electrons because it has 5 valence electrons

• It takes 3 Calcium cations to supply 3 Phosphorus atoms with enough electrons to fill their orbitals

• Calcium phosphide Ca₃P₂

Multiple Choice

 Which of the following is the correct formula for these two ions:
Al⁺³ +  S^-2

• AlS₃
• Al₂S₃
• Al₃S₂
• Al₃S

Multiple Choice

Write the correct formula for an ionic compound formed from S^2- and Rb¹⁺.

• SRb₂
• SRb
• Rb₂S
• RbS₂

Multiple Choice

Write the correct chemical formula for Ag ⁺  and  Br ^-

• AgBr
• silver bromide
• Ag₂Br₂
• gold bromide

Multiple Choice

Write the formula for barium + nitrogen

• Ba₂N₃
• Ba₃N₂
• BaN
• BaN₃

Transition Metals

• Some transition metals can have more than 1 stable Cation.

• Examples

• Iron can have a 2+ or a 3+ charge

• Copper can have a 1+ or 2+ charge

Naming compounds with Transition Metals

• Use a roman numeral after the cation to show the charge of the transition metal

• Fe³⁺ is named Iron (III)

• Fe²⁺ is named Iron (II)

• Everything else stays the same

Examples: Chromium and Oxygen

• Chromium 2+ becomes Chromium (II)

• Cr²⁺ + O^2- --> CrO

• Chromium (II) oxide

• Chromium 3+ becomes Chromium (III)

• Cr³⁺ + O^2- --> Cr2O3

• Chromium (III) oxide

Multiple Choice

PbS₂

• lead sulfide
• lead sulfur
• lead II sulfide
• lead IV sulfide

PbS₂

• We know that S has a 2- charge

• We know we have 2 Sulfur anions

• That means we have a total gain of 4 electrons

• Since we only have 2 Lead (Pb), we know all 4 electrons came from the single Lead atom so Pb has a 4+ charge

• Lead (IV) sulfide

Multiple Choice

copper(II) chloride

• CuCl₂
• CuCl
• Cu₂Cl
• Cu₂Cl₂

Multiple Choice

Cobalt (II) Oxide

• Co₂O

• CoO₂

• CoO

• Co₂O₂

Multiple Choice

FeCl₃

• Iron (III) Chloride

• Iron (III) Chlorate

• Iron (II) Chloride

• Iron (II) Chromate

Polyatomic Ions

• Covalently bonded compounds which have lost or gained electrons, ionizing them.

• Naming ionic compounds with polyatomic ions is easy!

• Example

• Na⁺ + SO₄ ^2- --> Na₂SO₄

• Sodium ion + Sulfate ion

• Sodium sulfate

• Mg²⁺

• SO₄^2-

• MgSO₄

• Could also be written as Mg(SO₄)

• Parenthesis are optional unless you have more than 1 SO₄^2-

• EX Pb⁴⁺ + SO₄^2- --> Pb(SO₄)₂

• Lead (IV) sulfate

Multiple Choice

Co⁺²  combines with NO₂^-  to form

• Co₂(NO₂)
• Co(NO₂)₂
• NO(Co)₂
• Co(NO)₃

Multiple Choice

Iron (II) Phosphate

• Fe₃(PO₄)₂

• FePO₄

• Fe(PO₄)₂

• Fe₃P₂

Multiple Choice

Manganese (IV) Chlorate

• MnClO₃

• Mn(ClO₃₎₄

• MnCl₄

• MnCl₃

Multiple Choice

AlPO₄

• Aluminum Phosphide

• Aluminum Phosphoxide

• Aluminum Phosphorus Oxide

• Aluminum Phosphate