Chapter 5- The American Revolution

Chapter 5- The American Revolution

Patriots

These were colonists that supported the American Revolution. They wanted freedom from British rule, self-government, and the right to trade with everyone. 

Multiple Select

Which people were most likely to be Patriots? (Choose 3)

• a colonial merchant who believes war will be bad for business

• a colonial merchant who objects to British trade restrictions

• a colonial family who wants to move west of the Appalachian Mountains

• a colonial leader appointed by British Parliament

• a colonial leader elected by American colonists

Loyalist (Tories)

These were colonists that were loyal to Great Britain. Some did not believe the colonies were a match for Britain, some held British government positions, others were merchants who believed the war was bad for business, and others were just loyal to Britain.

Multiple Choice

What key trait was shared by Loyalists in the American Revolution?

• Loyalists supported American independence.

• Loyalists opposed Great Britain’s imperial policies.

• Loyalists opposed going to war against Great Britain.

• Loyalists supported taxation without representation.

Minutemen

The Minutemen were a group of colonists that sprang into action during the Midnight Ride. They moved the colonial weapons to a new hiding place while preparing to face off against the British at Concord. 

Multiple Choice

How did minutemen get their name?

• They were a part of a colonial militia who could quickly be ready to fight.

• They were a part of a colonial militia who quickly changed sides in a fight.

• They were a part of a British militia who could leave for the colonies quickly.

• They were a part of a British militia who would run away from a fight quickly.

Redcoats

The Redcoats were British troops that fought against the colonists during the American Revolution. They got the nickname "Redcoats" from the color of their uniforms

Multiple Choice

Who were the Redcoats and why were they called that?

• The Redcoats were another name for the American Indians allied with the British because they wore red coats

• The Redcoats were another name for the colonial militia because they wore red coats.

• The Redcoats were another name for the British militia because they wore red coats.

• The Redcoats were another name for the Sons of Liberty because they wore red coats.

Sons of Liberty

The Sons of Liberty were a group Patriots who united the colonists against Great Britain rule.

Multiple Choice

The Sons of Liberty were __________ who protested against British rule.

• Patriots

• Loyalists

• Redcoats

• Tories

Midnight Ride of Paul Revere

The British began to march to Concord to take control over a storehouse full of weapons from the colonial militia. Paul Revere rode from Boston to Lexington alerting residents that the British were coming. Paul was captured between Lexington and Concord, so Samuel Prescott took over and finished the ride. The colonial Minutemen were able to move their weapons to a new hiding place and began to prepare to face off against the British.

Multiple Choice

_________ was a member of the Sons of Liberty who alerted people that the British were coming.

• George Washinton

• Paul Revere

• John Hancock

Battles of Lexington and Concord

A small battle first occurred when a small group of Minutemen met the Redcoats marching through Lexington. After the battle, the British Redcoats were forced to retreat back to Boston. This marked the beginning of the American Revolutionary War. 

Multiple Select

What happed at the Battle of Lexington and Concord and what was the importance?

• The British were forced to retreat back to Boston.

• Colonist ran low on ammunition and were forced to retreat but the British suffered many casualties.

• It showed the British that the Revolutionary War was going to be tougher than they might have expected.

• The first battle of the Revolutionary War showed untrained colonists could fight against the British Soldiers.

Battle of Bunker (Breed’s) Hill

The Patriots set up fortifications on Breed’s Hill, which was close enough to British forces for the British to attack. The Patriots drove back two waves of Redcoat forces before running low on ammunition. The Redcoats pushed the Patriots back upon the third wave. While the British claimed victory, they suffered far more losses than the Patriots. This served as a huge confidence boost for the Patriots.

Multiple Select

What happed at the Battle of Bunker Hill and what was the importance?

• The British were forced to retreat back to Boston.

• Colonist ran low on ammunition and were forced to retreat but the British suffered many casualties.

• It showed the British that the Revolutionary War was going to be tougher than they might have expected.

• The first battle of the Revolutionary War showed untrained colonists could fight against the British Soldiers.

Battle of Saratoga

British troops invaded New York from Canada with the intention of defeating the Americans at Saratoga. The British troops had a difficult time communicating and the weather made marching through dense forests exhausting due to thick mud. The Continental Army used the terrain to its advantage and defeated the British. This victory was a turning point in the American Revolutionary War.

Multiple Choice

British planned an attack on the Americans at Saratoga. Getting from Canada to Saratoga required British soldiers to travel through dense forests with thick undergrowth. It also required them to cross deep ravines, where heavy rain had turned the ground into thick mud. Travel took so long that his soldiers ran low on food. By the time the army reached Saratoga, they were hungry and exhausted. The Americans defeated the British at the Battle of Saratoga, in what became a turning point in the Revolutionary War. Which factor most caused the British to suffer such an unexpected defeat?

• The British army was weak and inexperienced.

• Traveling 220 miles was an unreasonable expectation of an army on foot.

• The British general was not familiar with the local geography.

• The British general was too confident and did not ask for support.

Valley Forge

The location where George Washington decided to take the Continental Army during a harsh winter. Valley Forge was a natural fortress, where the Continental Army stayed in huts built high upon the plateaus and waited out the winter near Philadelphia. During this time, the Continental Army was trained by Europeans and important supplies were sent by Congress.

Multiple Choice

Why did George Washington spend the winter at Valley Forge?

• to write the peace treaty after the war was over

• to rest after a major victory in a battle there

• to prepare and train the colonial militia

• to hide from the British after a major loss

Battle of Yorktown

The British Army had had set up camp at Yorktown, V.A. They believed it would be a good place for British supply ships to land and bring them supples. French and American soldiers surrounded Yorktown, while the French navy cut off British supply lines. After two weeks without supplies, Lord Cornwallis surrendered to George Washington. This was the last battle of the American Revolutionary War.

Multiple Choice

Why did the British army set up camp at Yorktown, Virginia?

• They planned to surrender there.

• They thought it would be a good place for British supply ships to land.

• They thought it would stop French supply ships from helping Americans.

• They thought it would be hard for the American army to attack.

Multiple Choice

Which battle ended the Revolutionary War?

• Battle of Valley Forge

• Battle of Saratoga

• Battle of Yorktown

• Battle of Breed’s Hill

Sites of Major Events during the American Revolution

• The location where the Declaration of Independence was written- Independence Hall, Philadelphia

• The Battle of Saratoga- Saratoga County, New York

• The Battle of Lexington and Concord- fought within the towns of Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts

• The Battle of Yorktown- Yorktown, Virginia

Multiple Choice

In what state was the Declaration of Independence written?

• New York

• Pennsylvania

• Virginia

• Massachusetts

Multiple Choice

In what state was the Battle of Yorktown fought?

• New York

• Pennsylvania

• Virginia

• Massachusetts

Multiple Choice

In what state was the Battle of Saratoga fought?

• New York

• Pennsylvania

• Virginia

• Massachusetts

Multiple Choice

In what state was the Battle of Lexington and Concord fought?

• New York

• Pennsylvania

• Virginia

• Massachusetts

Abigail Adams

She was the wife of John Adams and an important advisor of his. Her letters are some of the earliest known writings about women’s rights.

Multiple Select

Determine which phrase describes Abigail Adams. Check all that apply.

• wrote poems and plays supporting American independence

• her letters are some of the earliest known writings about women’s rights

• important advisor to her husband; she told him to “remember the ladies” when forming America’s new government

• supported the American Revolution

• born into slavery

Phillis Wheatley

She was the first African American woman to publish a book. She wrote poems and plays supporting American independence. 

Multiple Select

Determine which phrase describes Phillis Wheatley. Check all that apply.

• wrote poems and plays supporting American independence

• her letters are some of the earliest known writings about women’s rights

• important advisor to her husband; she told him to “remember the ladies” when forming America’s new government

• supported the American Revolution

• born into slavery

Mary Ludwig Hays (Molly Pitcher)

She carried water to soldiers in pitchers and took the place of her husband as a cannon loader after her husband collapsed in battle. She was awarded a pension for her services in the Revolutionary war in 1822.

Multiple Select

Determine which phrase describes Mary Ludwig Hayes. Check all that apply.

• was on the side of the Patriots in Revolutionary War

• legend says she made the first American flag with 13 stars and 13 stripes

• colonial woman

• took her husband’s place as cannon loader in one battle

• nicknamed Molly Pitcher because she brought water to soldiers in battles

Betsy Ross

She made flags for the Continental Army. She is said to have made the first American flag of 13 stripes and 13 stars.

Multiple Select

Determine which phrase describes Betsy Ross. Check all that apply.

• was on the side of the Patriots in Revolutionary War

• legend says she made the first American flag with 13 stars and 13 stripes

• colonial woman

• took her husband’s place as cannon loader in one battle

• seamstress who made flags for the Continental Army