Unit 4 Review - Hormones/Endocrine System

Unit 4 Review - Hormones/Endocrine System

Multiple Choice

Which system uses chemical signals, has slower transmission, and has long lasting effects on the body?

• endocrine system

• nervous system

• lymphatic system

• integumentary system

Multiple Choice

Which system uses electrical signals, uses quick transmission, and transmission only lasts less than a second?

• endocrine system

• nervous system

• lymphatic system

• integumentary system

Multiple Choice

Hormones are chemicals produced by the endocrine system that _______________.

• control the formation of urine.

• regulate a variety of body functions, such as metabolism.

• are stimulated by the action of metabolic enzymes.

• function to prevent a variety of diseases, such as diabetes.

Multiple Choice

Compared to the endocrine system, the nervous system

• has a faster response, but the signal does not last as long.

• has a slower response and a signal that does not last as long.

• has a faster response with a longer-lasting signal.

• has a slower response with a longer-lasting signal.

Multiple Choice

How are hormones distributed to tissues, and what determines which cells hormones will affect?

• They are carried throughout the body in the bloodstream, and each hormone affects target cells that have receptors for it

• They are carried to specific organs by lymphatic vessels and affect the cells in those organs.

• They are delivered by neurosecretory cells to specific tissues and cells, which are affected.

• They are distributed locally in the interstitial fluid and affect nearby responsive target cells.

Multiple Choice

_________________________ a type of neuron, or nerve cell, whose function is to translate neural signals into chemical stimuli. Such cells produce secretions called neurohormones that travel along the neuron axon and are typically released into the bloodstream at neurohemal organs, regions in which the axon endings are in close contact with blood capillaries.

• neuron

• neurosecretory cell

• neurotransmitter

• glial cell

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements regarding endocrine glands is true?

• Some endocrine glands, like the pituitary, have other endocrine glands as their targets.

• The sex organs and the thyroid gland produce steroid hormones.

• The pancreas has only nonendocrine functions.

• Most of the endocrine glands produce steroid hormones.

Multiple Select

Hormones can be classified into two groups. What are they?

• water-soluble hormones

• protein-soluble hormones

• lipid-soluble hormones

• acid-soluble hormones

Multiple Select

What are the 3 stages of hormone signaling?

• Reception - the hormone binds to a specific receptor protein on or in the target cell.

• Signal transduction converts the signal from one form to another.

• Signal transfer - the signal gets transferred to another cell and starts the process over agan.

• Response is a change in the cell’s behavior.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following options lists the sequence of events in the cell-signaling process in the correct order?

• reception, response, signal transduction

• signal transduction, reception, response

• signal transduction, response, reception

• reception, signal transduction, response

Multiple Choice

Why must some hormones bind to a membrane receptor on a target cell's surface in order to activate it?

• for activation by ATP

• because they are not water-soluble

• because they cannot cross cell membranes

• to stimulate endocytosis to internalize the hormone

Multiple Choice

The result of binding a signal molecule to its receptor is

• production of a protein by the target cell, followed by death.

• cell division.

• signal transduction.

• partitioning of the nucleus within the target cell.

Multiple Choice

A target cell that is affected by a particular steroid hormone would be expected to have

• an intracellular receptor protein that binds the hormone.

• a cell-surface receptor protein that binds the hormone.

• enzymes that are activated or inactivated by the intracellular hormone-receptor complex.

• enzymes that are activated or inactivated by the hormone's second messenger.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements about steroid hormones is true?

• Steroid hormones cause the production of cAMP.

• Steroid hormones are polar molecules that cannot pass through the cell membrane.

• Steroid hormones activate a transcription factor.

• Steroid hormones bind to specific receptor proteins and the complex acts as a gene activator.

Multiple Choice

What endocrine gland regulates many aspects of metabolism, reproduction, and development, including the profound reorganization of body tissues that occurs in a tadpole?

• hypothalamus

• thyroid

• thymus

• adrenal

Multiple Choice

Which gland requires the element iodine to produce its hormones?

• adrenal medulla

• thyroid

• pineal

• ovary

Multiple Choice

Insufficient iodine in the diet can lead to a condition known as a(n)

• goiter

• Grave's disease

• botulism

• sterility

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an endocrine gland that raises blood calcium levels?

• parathyroid

• thyroid gland

• pituitary gland

• testes

Multiple Choice

What gland is the main control center of the endocrine system, receives information from nerves about the external environment and the internal condition of the body, responds by sending out appropriate nervous or endocrine signals, and directly controls the pituitary gland, which in turn secretes hormones that influence numerous body functions?

• thyroid gland

• hypothalamus

• thymus

• anterior pituitary

Multiple Choice

TRH is a type of ________ hormone secreted by the ________.

• steroid . . . thyroid gland

• releasing . . . hypothalamus

• peptide . . . thymus

• releasing . . . anterior pituitary

Multiple Choice

Which of the following endocrine glands synthesizes melatonin?

• pineal

• adrenal cortex

• thyroid

• parathyroid

Multiple Choice

Which gland exerts primary control over the concentration of sugar in the blood. It also releases digestive enzymes?

• liver

• pineal

• pancreas

• parathyroid

Multiple Choice

Which of the following options lists the sequence of events in the cell-signaling process in the correct order?

• reception, response, signal transduction

• signal transduction, reception, response

• signal transduction, response, reception

• reception, signal transduction, response

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements about glands and hormones is true?

• The anterior pituitary is composed of endocrine cells.

• The posterior pituitary is composed of lymphatic tissue.

• The pituitary is the master control center of the endocrine system.

• The hypothalamus is an endocrine gland responsible for producing the hormone calcitonin.

Multiple Choice

What endocrine gland secretes oxytocin and ADH?

• anterior pituitary gland

• posterior pituitary gland

• hypothalamus

• thymus

Multiple Choice

What endocrine gland secretes hormones that influence growth, sexual development, skin pigmentation, thyroid function, and adrenocortical function?

• anterior pituitary gland

• posterior pituitary gland

• hypothalamus

• thymus

Multiple Choice

Which of the following glands secretes hormones that enable the body to respond to stress?

• pancreas

• adrenal

• pineal

• parathyroid

Multiple Choice

What gland secretes estrogen and progesterone?

• ovaries

• testes

• pituitary

• hypothalamus

Multiple Choice

What gland secretes testosterone, androgens and inhibin?

• testes

• ovaries

• pituitary

• hypothalamus

Multiple Choice

What hormone thickens the uterine lining, inhibits FSH and LH for most of the menstrual cycle, it stimulates FSH and LH prelease pre-ovulation?

• estrogen

• progesterone

• LSH

• FH

Multiple Choice

What hormone is this? In females, stimulates the growth and development of ovarian follicles, and promotes secretion of estrogen by ovaries. In males, it is required for sperm production.

• estrogen

• progesterone

• LH (Luteinizing hormone)

• FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

Multiple Choice

What hormone is this? In females, it is responsible for ovulation, formation of corpus luteum in ovary, and regulation of ovulation secretion of female sex hormones. In males, it stimulates cell in the testes to secrete testosterone.

• estrogen

• progesterone

• LH (Luteinizing hormone)

• FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

Multiple Choice

What hormone is this? In females, it stimulates breast development and milk production. In males, it is involved in testicular formation.

• PRL (Prolactin)

• progesterone

• LH (Luteinizing hormone)

• FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

Multiple Choice

What endocrine gland is located behind the upper part of the sternum. It promotes and maturation of T lymphocytes?

• hypothalamus

• anterior pituitary gland

• posterior pituitary gland

• thymus

Multiple Choice

Which of the following options correctly pairs an endocrine gland or hormone with an aspect of metabolism that it regulates?

• parathyroid = stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids

• pancreas = stimulates growth of the uterine lining

• insulin = regulates blood glucose levels

• prolactin = manages blood potassium levels

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship of insulin to glucagon?

• They work together to prepare the body to deal with stress.

• Insulin stimulates the pancreas to secrete glucagon.

• They are antagonistic hormones.

• Insulin is a steroid hormone; glucagon is a protein hormone.

Multiple Choice

When the concentration of glucose in the blood rises following digestion of a meal, what is the hormonal response?

• Levels of both glucagon and insulin increase.

• More glucagon is released.

• More insulin is released.

• Neither glucagon nor insulin is released.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following hormones causes glucose release and, consequently, a rise in the concentration of sugar in the blood?

• insulin

• glucagon

• calcitonin

• oxytocin

Multiple Choice

Which of the following pairs of hormones have opposite effects?

• testosterone and melatonin

• progesterone and insulin

• parathyroid hormone and calcitonin

• oxytocin and prolactin

Multiple Choice

Which of the following may be a consequence of excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone?

• convulsive contractions of skeletal muscles

• gigantism

• exhaustion of the immune system

• loss of calcium from the bone

Multiple Choice

Which of the following hormones affects the greatest variety of cell types?

• endorphin

• melatonin

• growth hormone

• calcitonin