MODALS

MODALS

modal vervs

MUST vs HAVE TO

• Must we use in written rules

• Must we use when you want to give your opinion about what somebody must do.

• Mustn't we use in it is forbidden to do.

• Have to we use to say about obligations

• Don't have to we use if it isn't necessary

• IN THE PAST:

• have to= had to; must= must have +3rd c ir v

Can /Could/ be able to/ be allowed to

• Can for present; could, could have "done" -for the past

• can =informal; could polite

• could + "see hear smell taste feel remember understand" = translate all these words in past(but don't translate "could")

• be able to= can ( avoid be able to about actions which are happening now)

•  be allowed to = To have permission for something

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MAY /MIGHT

• no difference between may and might

• may/might for present and future;

• may/might + have + "done" for the past

• might/may as well = могли би( та можна, чом би і ні = нема кращого варіанту)

Should/ Ought to

• no difference

• in the past: should have "done"

Need to

• need to go / needn't go

• needn’t have done -in the past

  
  

would = б

• in the past: would have "done"

• “wouldn’t” can translate like "refuse"

• would to talk about things that happened regularly in the past