Biochemistry

Biochemistry

YouTube Videos

Some videos for reference

(Atoms) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=thnDxFdkzZs

(Atomic Hookups)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QXT4OVM4vXI&t=449s

(Polar/Non-Polar) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PVL24HAesnc

Atoms

Atoms are the building blocks for everything.

Parts of an atoms:

1) Protons (positively charged)

2) Electrons (negatively charged)

3) Neutrons (no charge)

Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus and are about the same size. Electrons are much MUCH smaller and are found around the nucleus.

Charge

If the number of protons and electrons are the same, there is no charge. If there are more protons the charge is postive. More electrons mean a negative charge.

Elements

Each element is made out of ONE atom. Every element is represented by one or two letters.

Atomic number = number of protons

Atomic mass = number of protons

Isotopes

Isotopes is when there are 2+ atoms but they have a different amount of nuetrons. Isotopes are named for their mass number/atomic number.

Molecules

When 2+ atoms (same or different) are chemically bond together.

Ex; H2O

Chemical Compounds

2+ different with specific amounts. A chemical formula is like a recipe.

Ex; H2O is water, there are 2 Hydrogen atoms for every 1 Oxygen atom.

Ionic Bonds

Electrons are transferred from one atom to another. Opposites attract in this situation. Atoms that have a positive or negative charged are called ions.

Covalent Bonds

The electrons are shared (these bonds are stronger than ionic bonds). Electrons move around both atoms. The more electrons shared, the stronger the bond is.

Polar Bonds

When atoms form polar covalent bonds, the atom with greater attraction for electrons has a partial negative charge. The other atom has a partial positive charge

Non-Polar Bonds

This is just when both atoms have the same charge.