Grammar

Grammar

Basics of grammars for juniors

~ Chintan M Udupa

Textbook of Basics of Grammar

Have a good look at the following information. Read and try to understand it.

Take notes of the information in a book for practice and future usage.

PART 1

PARTS OF A SENTENCE

Parts of a Sentence

A Sentence has 2 main parts :

• Subject

• Predicate

What is a Subject?

• A Subject is the thing that is performing an action in the sentence.

• The Subject is usually in the start of the sentence. However, a subject can be placed in the rear or middle of a sentence in special cases.

• A Subject must always be acknowledged with its article (If any). Example: The cat ate the fish.

  Here, the Subject is "The cat" not "cat"...

• Examples:

• He ate my apple.

• Raghav scored 79 runs in the IPL matches.

• I had bread & butter for today's breakfast.

What is a Predicate?

• A Predicate is the action performed by the Subject

• A predicate is usually situated in the end of a sentence. However, it can be situated in the start and can be split by the Subject in special cases.

• Example: (Predicates are highlighted in pink)

• He ate my apple.

• Raghav scored 79 runs in the IPL matches.

• I had bread & butter for today's breakfast.

PART 2

COMPONENTS OF A SENTENCE

Components of a Sentence:

• NOUN

• PRONOUN

• ADJECTIVE

• VERB

• ADVERB

• CONJUNCTION

Noun :

• A noun is the name of a place/person/animal/object.

• There are 2 main types of Nouns:

• Proper Noun

• Common noun

• Collective Noun

Proper Noun :

• Proper nouns are particular names of a place/person/animal/object

• Examples:

• Rahul is a good boy.

• Radha is a good girl.

• My favourite flower is Marigold.

• Jaggu is the name of the zoo's eldest elephant.

• King

Common Noun :

• Common Nouns are the names given to a specific type of people/place/animal/object.

• Examples:

• I have a dog.

• Rahul is a good boy.

• I have a blue car.

• Cows are intelligent living organisms.

• Monkeys are very naughty.

Collective Noun :

• Collective nouns are nouns or name of a group of objects as a whole

• Examples:

• A flock of birds.

• A bunch of bananas.

• A swarm of bees.

• A group of people.

• A school of fish.

Examples of Collective Nouns

• Wolves = Pack

• Birds = Flock

• Bananas = Bunch

• Fish = School

• People = Group

• 2 People = Pair

• Ants = Colony

Examples of Collective Nouns

• Flowers = Bouquet

• Cards = Stack

• Soldiers = Army

• Hens = Brood

• Geese = Gaggle

• Cattles / Cows = Herd

• Bees = Swarm

Pronoun :

• Pronouns are special words that can be replaced with nouns.

• Pronouns make the sentence sound better and more accurate by avoiding the unnecessary repetition of nouns.

• Let us have a look at the examples:

• Reena likes to watch TV.
   $\rightarrow$  She likes to watch TV.

• Reena is 15 years old.                  
   $\rightarrow$  She is 15 years old.

• Reena lives in America.               
   $\rightarrow$  She lives in America. 

Adjective :

• An adjective is a word that describes the noun in a sentence.

• Here are some examples: (The words highlighted in green are Adjectives.)

• My car is awesome.

• He is rich.

• She is wearing an expensive necklace.

• He is the best actor I have ever seen.

• Is this car red in colour?

Verb :

• A verb is also known as an 'Action Word'.

• A verb helps to indicate the action that is being performed in the sentence.

• Example:

• He is going to play.

• He is a good boy.

• She is trying her best to top the exam.

• Why is the flower not blooming.

Adverb :

• Adverbs are words that describe the action performed in a sentence.

• Let us have a look at the example provided alongside :

• "I am good at playing badminton."

• Here, "good at" describes the action of "playing".

• Extra Example :

• Are you good at studies ?

• Here, "good at" describes the action of "are"

Conjunction :

• A conjunction is a word that joins two individual sentences.

• Some common conjunctions are : And ; Because ; While ; When ; As ; But.

• Let us look at the example provided alongside :

• Here the word "and" joins the two sentences- "I like Apples" and "I like Bananas" to form one sentence, "I like Apples and Bananas".

Exercise

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ALL THE BEST

...............................................................................................................

SECTION - A

Select the correct option

Multiple Choice

A ____ is the word/name of a place/animal/object/person

• Noun

• Pronoun

• Verb

• Adjective

• Adverb

Multiple Choice

A _______ is a word that can be used to replace a noun in a sentence

• Noun

• Pronoun

• Verb

• Adjective

• Adverb

Multiple Choice

An _________ is a word that helps us describe a noun

• Noun

• Pronoun

• Verb

• Adjective

• Adverb

Multiple Choice

A ____ is a word that lets us know that the noun is performing an action

• Noun

• Pronoun

• Verb

• Adjective

• Adverb

Multiple Choice

An ______ is a word that describes the action performed by the noun

• Noun

• Pronoun

• Verb

• Adjective

• Adverb

Multiple Choice

Gaggle is a _____ type of noun and is used for _____

• Collective noun, Geese

• Proper noun, Goats

• Common noun, Ghosts

• Not a noun, To describe an action

Section - B

Type the correct answer

SECTION - C

HOTS - Higher Order Thinking Skills

Multiple Choice

Hello? Is anyone there in the house?

(What type of statement is this)

• Question

• Answer

• Order

• Request

• Normal Sentence

Multiple Select

Who is _____ ?

(Select all the words that are suitable)

• that

• he

• she

• Raghu

• the banyan tree

Multiple Choice

a) Is you Rahul ?

b) Is it an mistake ?

(Which sentence is correct)

• a

• b

• a & b

• Both are wrong

Multiple Select

Which of the following are conjunctions ?

• and

• or

• but

• while

• because