Tutorial and Homework Supplementary

Tutorial and Homework Supplementary

KBAT questions

Umbilical cord blood was once discarded as waste material but is now known to be a useful source of blood stem cells. Cord blood has been used to treat children with certain blood diseases since 1989.

Different type of cells are formed through cell specialisation from stem cell obtained from umbilical cord blood.

Umbilical cord

Questions

1) What is stem cell?

2) Explain the process of cell specialisation.

Answers:

1) Stem cells are the cells that is able to divide to form new stem cells and further differentiate into other types of cells which carry out specific functions.

2) Cell specialisation is the cell grow, develop and differentiate into specific cells to carry out specific functions.

For example: Muscle cells: contraction and movement

Liver cells: regulate blood sugar level / produce bile

Epithelial cells protects the underlying cells and secrete mucus.

Open Ended

Discuss the role and potential of umbilical cord blood in an era of new therapies.

Umbilical cord contains various types of stem cells

1) Haematopoietic stem cells in cord blood can make every type of blood cell in the blood, such as red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.

2)Cord blood can be used in haemotopoietic transplantation to treat blood cancer such as leukemia and lymphoma.

Stem cells turn into other cells

treat central nervous system or brain disease by repairing or regeneration of nerve cells.

stem cells can be used to treat genetic diseases by repairing gene defects such as haemoglobin disorder and sickle cell anemia, and thalassaemia.

SPM drawing method for a nucleotide

Nucleotide structure

Structure of DNA and RNA

Osmosis and diffusion

briefing to the terms of solution

Adaptations of floating plants

Skin

Artherosclerosis