Topic 9: Reproduction & Development Part 2

Topic 9: Reproduction & Development - Part 2

(Sexual Reproduction in Human)

Multiple Choice

Arrange the CORRECT sequence of sperm movement;

1. 1. Urethra
2. 2. Ejaculatory ducts
3. 3. Release from body
4. 4. Epididymis
5. 5. Vas deferens
6. 6. Seminiferous tubule

• 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3

• 4, 6, 5, 1, 2, 3

• 6, 4, 5, 2, 1, 3

• 6, 5, 4, 1, 2, 3

Structure of male and female gametes

Multiple Select

Compare spermatogenesis and oogenesis.

Similarities:

• Both are processes of gametes formation in human.

• Both produces one gamete per germ cell.

• Timing of gamete release is any time in spermatogenesis and oogenesis

Multiple Select

Compare spermatogenesis and oogenesis.

Differences;

• Location of spermatogenesis is testis while location of oogenesis is ovary.

• Number of gametes produced are life long production (millions of sperms) in spermatogenesis while number of gametes produced are fixed amount (only ~ 400 mature egg) in oogenesis.

• Spermatogenesis begins at puberty and continuous process (any time) while oogenesis begins during fetal development and cyclic process (once a month –menstrual cycle; timing of gamete formation).

• In spermatogenesis, meiosis I is immediately followed by meiosis II (meiotic divisions are uninterrupted) while in oogenesis, meiosis II is completed only after attachment of sperm to secondary oocyte (meiotic divisions are arrested).

• Spermatogenesis produce four gametes per germ cell (four spermatozoa are produced from one primary spermatocyte per meiosis) while Oogenesis produces one gamete per germ cell (one mature ovum is formed from one primary oocyte per meiosis).

FIGURE 1 shows stages in spermatogenesis in human V, W and X represent cell division.

Multiple Choice

Based on FIGURE 1, Identify stages: S, Y and Z.

• S = Primordial germ cell,

  Y = Primary spermatocyte (2n),

  Z = Secondary spermatocyte (n)

• S = Spermatogonium,

  Y = Primary spermatocyte (2n),

  Z = Secondary spermatocyte (n)

• S = Spermatogonium,

  Y = Primary spermatocyte (n),

  Z = Secondary spermatocyte (2n)

Multiple Choice

Based on FIGURE 1, Identify V, W and X.

• V = Meiosis I

  W = Meiosis II

  X = Mitosis

• V = Meiosis I

  W = Mitosis

  X = Meiosis II

• V = Mitosis

  W = Meiosis I

  X = Meiosis II

• V = Meiosis II

  W = Mitosis

  X = Meiosis I

Female reproductive organ:

Structure of internal human ovary

Multiple Choice

Name the phases involved in ovarian cycle.

• Follicular phase

  and Secretory phase

• Follicular phase

  and Luteal phase

• Proliferative phase

  Secretory phase

• Follicular phase and Proliferative phase

Multiple Choice

During oogenesis, what occurs during the conversion of oogonium into primary oocyte?

• Mitosis

• Meiosis I

• Meiosis II

• Differentiation

Multiple Choice

In a 30 day cycle, on which day does process ovulation normally occur?

• 12

• 14

• 15

• 17

Multiple Select

Which of the following is TRUE about ovulation?

• Release ovum from the ovary

• Produces corpus luteum

• Stimulated by maximum concentration of LH

Multiple Choice

State the hormones involved in the regulation of the processes in ovarian cycle.

• FSH and LH

• Estrogen and Progesterone

• FSH, LH, Estrogen and Progesterone

Multiple Choice

What are the changes that would take place to structure corpus luteum if fertilization occurs?

• Corpus luteum disintegrates

• Corpus luteum maintain to secrete progesterone and estrogen.

Multiple Select

Why the blood levels of FSH and LH increase if the ovaries are removed after menopause?

• When ovaries are removed, the levels of estrogen and progesterone decline

• Causing the FSH and LH secretion to increase

• Cancelling the effect of negative feedback on FSH and LH

• Corpus luteum in the ovaries release estrogen and progesterone which have positive feedback on FSH and LH

Multiple Choice

Based on FIGURE above, which phase (s) involved positive feedback mechanisms?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 1 and 3

• All of the above.

Fill in the Blank

Which phases involved feedback mechanisms?

I. Negative feedback mechanisms: _______________

while

II. Positive feedback mechanisms: ____________