Isotopes

Isotopes

Never trust an atom.

They make up everything.

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A(n) ____________ is the smallest unit of ordinary matter that forms a chemical element.

REMEMBER

• An atom is the smallest unit that retains the identity of the element

• IT IS NOT INDIVISIBLE... atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons

• THIS GOES AGAINST DALTON'S ORIGINAL ATOMIC THEORY

• In an atom # protons = # electrons so an atom is NEUTRAL

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All __________ of a given element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons in each atom.

REMEMBER

• An isotope is the same element with different amounts of neutrons

• ONLY THE NEUTRONS DIFFER

• If you change the protons, it is no longer the same element

• Each isotope with have a different mass due to the varying amount of neutrons

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A(n) __________ is a charged atom.

REMEMBER

• An ion must have a charge either positive or negative

• THIS MEANS THE PROTONS AND ELECTRONS ARE NOT EQUAL

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The ____________ is located on the periodic table block and tells how many protons are in an element.

REMEMBER

• The atomic number DOES NOT HAVE A DECIMAL

• It is equal to the proton amount

• This number also determines THE ELEMENT

• If you change the atomic number/protons YOU CHANGE THE ELEMENT

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What is the atomic number of sodium?

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How many protons are in neon?

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What is the atomic number for this example?

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How many protons are in the example?

REMEMBER

• The atomic number equals the amount of protons

• If you know the element name, you can find the atomic number and protons from the periodic table

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The _____________ is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus.

REMEMBER

• Mass number is the protons + neutrons

• IT IS NOT THE ATOMIC MASS (decimal number on the periodic table block)

• ONLY USE A ROUNDED ATOMIC MASS WHEN NO OTHER INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE

• If you know the mass number you can calculate neutrons

• If you know neutrons, you can calculate mass number

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What is the mass number for the isotope Potassium-37?

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How many neutrons are in the isotope Potassium-37?

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What is the mass number in the given example?

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How many neutrons are in the given isotope example?

REMEMBER

• The mass number IS NOT THE SAME as atomic mass

• Mass # = p⁺ + n⁰

• You can subtract the protons from the mass number to find the neutrons

• Mass number can be found after the hyphen or on the upper left hand side of a symbol

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How many electrons are in the given example?

REMEMBER

• When there is a charge, the electrons and protons ARE NOT EQUAL

• The difference between them is the numerical value of your charge

• If you have more electrons it is NEGATIVE

• If you have more protons it is POSITIVE

• ONLY CHANGE THE ELECTRONS

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What is the charge on an ion of ZINC if it has 28 ELECTRONS?

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How many electrons are in the given example?

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What is the charge on phosphorus if there are 18 electrons?