Ch. 21 the thirties

Chapter 21: The Thirties​

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Section 1

Hoover gets the blame

Multiple Choice

Who was blamed for the depression?

• President Wilson

• President Coolidge

• President Harding

• President Hoover

• President Roosevelt

Call it a depression

• President Hoover was blamed for the depression.

• President Hoover called the panic/crisis of 1929 a depression in hopes of calming the fears of the people.

• Hoovervilles : towns made of shacks built out of cardboard to house the homeless that were built in vacant lots or parks

• Hoover cars: broken down cars pulled by horses or mules

• Hoover blankets: were newspapers used as coverings on cold nights

• Hoover stated that democracy is not a polite employer

Hoover's efforts

• Hoover did not deserve the reputation of inaction

• He established public works: gov. financed construction or public facilities to create jobs

• The Federal Farm Board was established to relieve the prolonged hardships of American farmers.

• PECE: presidents emergency committee of employment was formed in 1930

• PECE: attempted to cooridiate the efforts of public and private charities as they provided assistance to the poor

• POUR Presidents organization for unemployment relief

What Hoover believed and opposed

• President Hoover believed that it was the duty of the individual not the government to help the needy.

• President Hoover opposed any form of a government handout

• Instead of the government giving people money, he believed in work relief

• Hoover believed that the work relief jobs would discourage idleness and preserve the self respect of the needy

• Hoover wanted the states to have control of the work relief project

• Hoover declared that the course of unbalanced budgets is the road to ruin

Work relief

employment in a government relief job

deficit spending

spending more money than is received

President Hoover believed that deficit spending would jeporadize confidence in the nation's financial stability and further discourage industrial recovery

Multiple Choice

Who developed the PECE

• President Hoover

• President Wilson

• President Harding

• President Coolidge

Multiple Choice

government financed construction of public facilities

• work relief

• deficit spending

• public works

• Federal Farm Board

Multiple Choice

employment in a government relief job

• work relief

• deficit spending

• public works

• Federal Farm Board

Multiple Choice

spending more money than is received

• work relief

• deficit spending

• public works

• Federal Farm Board

Multiple Choice

towns made up of cardboard shacks built in parks and vacant lots

• Hoovervilles

• Hoover cars

• Hoover blankets

Multiple Choice

broken down cars pulled by horses and mules

• Hoovervilles

• Hoover cars

• Hoover blankets

Multiple Choice

newspapers used as coverings on cold nights

• Hoovervilles

• Hoover cars

• Hoover blankets

Multiple Choice

Who did not deserve a reputation of inaction?

• President Harding

• President Roosevelt

• President Hoover

• President Taft

Multiple Choice

What was intended to relieve the prolonged hardship of the American farmer?

• deficit spending

• work relief

• public works

• federal farm board

Smoot Hawley Tariff

• pushed tariffs on forgeign industrial and agricultural products to their highest level in the nations history

• this tariff was intended to help American producers and stabilize prices

• this tariff actually reduced the market for American goods in other nations

• Hoover believed that America's foreign economic ties contributed to the depression

Multiple Choice

by 1932 the unemployment rate was reaching what percent?

• 11

• 25

• 50

• 90

Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)

was authorized to lend $ 2 billion to struggling banks, railroads, life insurance companies, and other large businesses to help stabilize the banking industry

What did Hoover's efforts do?

set a precident for a significant increase in federal government involvement in America's economic affairs

Gross national product (GNP)

is the annual value of all goods and services that a nation produces

Bonus Army

veterans of the American Expeditionary Force that marched on Washington DC in hopes to receive their bonuses early

Election of 1932

• the voters held the Republican party as a whole responsible for the depression

• In 1932 the voters elected Democratic candidate Franklin Delano Roosevelt

• The Democratic campaign song was "Happy Days are here again"

• New Deal a name that was given to FDR's efforts to conquer the depression

FDR

had desired to hold the position of President just like his cousin Theodore Roosevelt

FDR was paralyzed from the waist down by polio in 1921

He promised the country a new deal in his acceptance speech for the democratic nomination

Multiple Choice

What does GNP stand for?

• Governments new programs

• Gross national product

• Governments net products

• Gross new programs

Multiple Choice

President Harding's actions set a new precedent for government involvement in America's economic affairs

• True

• False: President Hoover

• False: President Wilson

• False: President Coolidge

Multiple Choice

What organization had the authority to lend $2 billion to struggling banks, railroads, and other companies?

• Reconstruction Finance Corporation

• Gross national Product

• Bonus Army

• New Deal

Multiple Choice

what is the annual value of all goods and services that a nation produces?

• reconstruction Finance Corporation

• Gross National Product

• Bonus Army

• New Deal

Multiple Choice

What was made up of over 2000 veterans pushing for their bonuses to be given out early?

• Reconstruction Finance Corporation

• Gross national Product

• Bonus Army

• New Deal

Multiple Choice

What was promised to the people of the US by Franklin D. Roosevelt at his Democratic nomination acceptance speech?

• Reconstructionism Finance Corporation

• Gross National Product

• Bonus Army

• New Deal

Section 2

FDR and the New Deal

Multiple Choice

who was the first female to hold a cabinet position?

• Rosa Parks

• Susan B. Anthony

• Frances Perkins

• Hillary Clinton

Multiple Choice

Which agencies was the most popular and and was made up of unmarried men ages 18-25?

• Public Works Administration

• Works Progress Administration?

• Civilian Conservation Corps

• Agricultural Adjustment Act

When President Roosevelt got into office he did the following two things.

• called congress into a special session

• declared a banking holiday

First 100 days

• President Roosevelt hired Frances Perkins to be the secretary of labor( she was the first woman to be a member of the President's cabinet.

• the group of advisors that President Roosevelt encircled himself with came to be known as the Brain trust.

• on March 12 1933 President Roosevelt started his fireside chats were he brought Presidental messages to the peoples homes through the radio.

the three R's of Roosevelt's new deal

• relief

• recovery

• reform

• these three things played a major role in broadening the activites and authorityu of the federal government

Alphabet soup

• Civillian Conservation Corps: put young men between ages 18-25 to work planting trees, building roads, developing parks, and assisting with soil conservation projects under the supervision of the Army

• Public Works Administration: built schools, courthouses, bridges, and other public facilities all over the country

• Works Progress Administration: was created in 1935 and employed almost anyone in almost any kind of work. It ended up costing the country $11 billion

• Agricultural Adjustment Act: established to supplement subsidizing farm products

Alphabet soup pt 2

• National Industrial Recovery Act: attempted to organized guidelines for industries to increase employment, maintain wages, and reduce unwanted competition

• National Recovery Administration: the agency designed to carry out the activities prescribed by the NIRA

• Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation: an agency devised insure bank of millions of Americans against loss

• Tennessee Valley Authority: undertook an extensive project to build dams along the Tennessee River that would provide electricity