B4 Revision

AWAB - B4 Revision

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Multiple Choice

Arteries...

• Take blood to the heart

• Take blood away from the heart

Blood Vessels

• All arteries carry oxygenated blood except the pulmonary artery

• All veins carry deoxygenated blood except the pulmonary vein

• Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels and are the site of gas exchange

Multiple Select

Which of these are considered as main components of the blood?

• CO2

• Plasma

• RBC

• O2

• WBC

Multiple Choice

Which cells contain haemoglobin?

• Erythrocytes

• Leukocytes

• Lymphocytes

Poll

Can haemoglobin carry both oxygen and carbon dioxide at the same time?

• No

• Yes

Multiple Choice

Do mammals and birds have a double or single circulatory system?

• Double

• Single

Double Circulatory System

• It has two separate circuits and blood passes through the heart twice: the pulmonary circuit is between the heart and lungs. the systemic circuit is between the heart and the other organs.

Advantages

• The advantage of a double circulatory system is that blood can be pumped to the rest of the body at a higher pressure

• Arteries pump blood at a higher pressure than veins

Multiple Choice

Which artery do you think has a thicker wall?

• Aorta

• Pulmonary artery

Open Ended

Why does the aorta have a thicker wall?

The heart

• 4 chambers

• 4 valves

• 2 arteries

• 2 veins

Multiple Choice

Which side of the heart has oxygenated blood?

• Right

• Left

Open Ended

How is the left ventricle adapted to its function?

Open Ended

Describe the flow of blood through the heart. Don't forget to include valves!

Cardiac Cycle

• Diastole phase - the heart ventricles are relaxed and the heart fills with blood. 

• Systole phase - the ventricles contract and pump blood to the arteries.

Multiple Choice

What comes first, diastole or systole?

• Diastole

• Systole

Open Ended

What is the difference between the first and second diastole?

Cardiac Conduction

• Initiating a heart beat

Cardiac Conduction

• SA node

• AV node

• Bundle of His

• Purkinje fibres

Multiple Choice

The pace maker of the heart is the

• Sinoatrial node

• Atrioventricular node

Poll

The bundle of His splits off into how many branches?

• 1

• 2

• 3

Mammalian Respiratory System

• Nasal & Oral cavity

• Pharynx & larynx

• Trachea

• Bronchus

• Bronchioles

• Alveoli

Multiple Select

What happens during inhalation?

• Intercostal muscles relax

• Diaphragm contracts and flattens

• Less volume in the lungs

• More volume in the lungs

• Intercostal muscles contract

Multiple Choice

How does air pressure change in the lungs during inhalation?

• Decreases

• Increases

Multiple Select

Where does gas exchange occur?

• Alveoli

• Capillaries

• Lungs

Avian Respiratory System

• Nasal & Oral cavity

• Larynx

• Air sacs

• Lungs

• Air capillaries

Multiple Choice

Where does gas exhange occur in the avian respiratory system?

• Air capillaries

• Alveoli

• Air sacs

Multiple Choice

In which respiratory system is oxygenated and deoxygenated air kept separate?

• Avian

• Mammalian

Open Ended

What is the difference between unidirectional and bidirectional air flow?

Gas Exchange

• Diffusion of O2 and CO2

• Cellular level

Oxygen In

• High concentration of O2 in alveoli

• Low concentration of O2 in blood capillaries

• O2 diffuses from the alveoli into the blood capillaries down the concentration gradient

Carbon Dioxide out

• High concentration of CO2 in blood capillaries

• Low concentration of CO2 in alveoli

• CO2 diffuses out of the capillaries into the alveoli down the concentration gradient

Multiple Choice

Is there a high or low concentration of O2 in the alveoli?

• High

• Low

Aerobic Respiration

• Oxygen binds with glucose to create energy (ATP)

• Creates 38 energy molecules

• Can only occur when oxygen is present!

Anaerobic Respiration

• Production of energy in absence of oxygen

• Produces lactic acid

• A build up of lactic acid causes muscle soreness and cramping!

Multiple Choice

What causes the heart rate to increase?

• Increased CO2

• Decreased CO2

• Increased O2

• Decreased O2

Multiple Choice

What causes respiratory rate to decrease?

• Increased CO2

• Decreased CO2

• Increased O2

• Decreased O2