8/15 Biomolecule Notes Lesson

Background Info

• In biology organic means that it contains carbon

paired with a hydrogen.

Carbon

32

Monomer vs Polymer:

Carbohydrates

• End in “OSE”

• Monomer: monosaccharide

• Polymer: polysaccharide
Main Dietary sources

1. Bread, pasta
2. Fruits, veggies
3. Sweets

simple sugars= glucose
Complex sugar=starch

Common elements:

1. C: carbon
2. H: hydrogen
3. O: oxygen

SHAPES

Monomers: monosaccharide

disaccharides

Polymer: most carbs and polymers. Polysaccharides

Main Functions:
1. Quick energy
source.
2. An energy in
plants for
cellular
respiration.

mono=1
di=2
Poly=many
Saccharide= sugar

C
H
O

Starch

Carbohydrates: Structure

Contain: CHO (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen) 1:2:1

What a SWEET ring!

Carbohydrates:

Monomer Unit =Monosaccharides

Mono= 1

Saccharide= sugar

Poly= many

Simple

carbohydrates

•Most end in –ose

•Glucose

•Sucrose

•Maltose

•Fructose

•Amylose

Monomer: monosaccharide
Polymer: polysaccharide

Saccharide = sugar

Multiple Choice

Which biomolecule is this a picture of?

• Protein

• Nucleic Acid

• Lipid

• Carbohydrate

Multiple Choice

Which biomolecule includes sugars and starches? (Hint: simple or complex)

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Carbohydrates

• Nucleic Acids

Lipids

• Monomer: glycerol and fatty

Polymer: NONE

acids

Main Dietary sources

1. Butter, lard, cheese
2. oil
3. Fats, vitamins, wax,

steroids

Common elements:

1. C: carbon
2. H: hydrogen
3. O: oxygen

SHAPES

Main Functions:
1. Long term energy
source
2. Main component of
cell membrane

Monomer:

glycerol and
fatty acids

Polymers:

NONE

Lipid Structure:
● Cell Membrane

● Hydrophobic: Polar
● Hydrophilic:

Non-polar

● waterproof surfaces of animals,

plants, and fruits- these are
waxes!

Examples:

Fats, Oils,
Waxes,
Steroids,

Functions:

1. Long term

energy.

2. Main

components of
cell membrane.

Multiple Choice

Which biomolecule is this a picture of?

• Protein

• Nucleic Acid

• Lipid

• Carbohydrate

proteins

• End in “ase”

• Monomer: amino acids

• Polymer: polypeptides

Main Dietary sources

1. meat
2. beans
3. eggs
4. nuts

Common elements:

1.C: carbon

2.H: hydrogen

3.O: oxygen

4.N: Nitrogen

5.

SHAPES

Monomer: amino acid

Enzymes are special proteins

Polymer: polypeptides

Main Functions:

1. Speed up reactions

as enzymes

2. Repair muscles,

fights disease

3. Protein channels

in cell membrane

Monomer= AMINO ACIDS

Polymer= Polypeptide

C,H,O,N

Look for the
Nitrogen

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the monomer of proteins?

• Amino Acids

• Monosaccharides

• Glycerol + Fatty Acids

• Nucleotides

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the monomer of lipids?

• Amino Acids

• Monosaccharides

• Glycerol + Fatty Acids

• Nucleotides

Nucleic acids

• Monomer: nucleotide

• Polymer: nucleic acid

Main Types

1. DNA/RNA
2. Anything that is

alive

3. ATP

Common elements:

1.

C: carbon

2.

H: hydrogen

3.

O: oxygen

4.

N: Nitrogen

5.

P: phosphorus

SHAPES

Monomer: nucleotide

Polymer: nucleic acid

Main Functions:

1. Holds genetic

information

2. Energy/ ATP

Nucleic Acid: Structure C,H,O,N,P

Monomer=
Nucleotides

Polymer=
Nucleic Acid

Multiple Choice

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen are elements in what biomolecule?

• Carbohydrate

• Lipid

• Protein

• Nucleic acid

Multiple Choice

How much total fat is in potato chips?

• 14g

• 1g

• 10g

• 160mg

Multiple Choice

Which biomolecule is made of nucleotides and include your DNA? (Hint: they carry genetic information)

• Carbohydrate

• Lipids

• Protein

• Nucleic Acid

Match

Match the following functions to the biomolecule

• Act as hormones

• Build muscle

• Carry genetic information

• Energy source (cellular respiration)

Lipid

Protein

Nucleic acid

Carbohydrate

• Lipid

• Protein

• Nucleic acid

• Carbohydrate

Multiple Choice

Which biomolecule is this a picture of?

• Protein

• Nucleic Acid

• Lipid

• Carbohydrate

Multiple Choice

Which 2 molecules contains the elements C-H-O and function pertains to energy?

• Lipids and Protein

• Carbohydrates and Nucleic Acids

• Protein and Carbohydrates

• Carbohydrates and Lipids

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the monomer of carbohydrates?

• Amino Acids

• Monosaccharides

• Glycerol + Fatty Acids

• Nucleotides

Multiple Select

CHECK ALL THAT APPLY!

The following macromolecules contain Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen:

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic Acids

Multiple Choice

C,H,O,N,P are the elements in

• Nucleic acid

• Protein

• Carbohydrate

• Lipid

Poll

How do you feel after answering these biomolecule questions?

• I understand the topic well

• I may need a little review

• I have to study/maybe tutoring

• I'm completely lost and definitely need tutoring