Cell Processes Review

Cell Processes Review

Photosynthesis

• Using sunlight energy to make glucose (sugar) for food

• Used by autotrophs (producers), such as plants and some protists and bacteria

• Occurs in the chloroplast using chlorophyll to capture sunlight

• CO₂ + H₂O ---> C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂

Multiple Choice

What is the correct equation for photosynthesis?

• C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ --> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O

• 6CO₂ + 6O₂ --> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6H₂O

• 6CO₂ + 6O₂ --> 6H₂O + C₆H₁₂O₆

• 6CO₂ + 6H₂O --> 6O₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆

Multiple Choice

Which organelle is responsible making food (Glucose) using sunlight?

• Cell Membrane

• Nucleus

• Chloroplast

• Mitochondria

Cellular Respiration

• Breaking down food to release ATP (energy)

• Used by ALL LIVING THINGS

• Occurs in the mitochondria

• C₆H₁₂O₆ + O_{2 ---->} CO₂ + H₂O + ATP

• Forms a CYCLE with photosynthesis - the PRODUCTS of one become the REACTANTS of the other!

Multiple Choice

To convert the energy of glucose into the usable form of ATP is a function of _________.

• Cell Wall

• Cytoplasm

• Nucleus

• Mitochondria

Multiple Choice

In which way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration different?

• Cellular respiration stores ATP, while photosynthesis releases ATP.

• Cellular respiration produces oxygen, while photosynthesis uses oxygen.

• Photosynthesis releases energy, while cellular respiration stores energy.

• Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, while cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide.

Multiple Choice

Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are related because...

• They both make glucose

• They both require oxygen

• The products of one reaction are the reactants of the other reaction

• They both make carbon dioxide

Homeostasis

• Homeostasis is how cells and organisms maintain a stable internal environment

• The cell membrane maintains homeostasis by controlling what enters and leaves the cell

• Homeostasis is needed to keep your temperature, blood sugar, fluid levels, oxygen levels, pH, and more balanced

Multiple Choice

What is mean by homeostasis?

• Controls and coordinates body activities through chemical

• controls and coordinates body activities through electrical impulses

• For maintenance of a steady state in the internal environment

• remove metabolic waste products from the cel

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not regulated by homeostasis?

• Body Temperature

• Blood Sugar

• Blood pH

• Body Movements

Passive vs. Active Transport

• Ways that molecules travel across the cell membrane

• Passive Transport - requires NO energy, high to low concentration

• Diffusion is an example of passive transport

• Active Transport - requires ATP, low to high concentration

Multiple Choice

What is the difference between active and passive transport?

• Active does not need energy and passive uses ATP (energy)

• Active uses ATP (energy) and passive does not need energy

• Active stores transport proteins and passive releases

• Active uses hormones and passive does not

Multiple Choice

The molecules in the image are moving from ___ concentration to _____ concentration. This is an example of ____ transport.

• high / low / active

• high / low/ passive

• low/ high / passive

• low / high / active

Osmosis

• Type of passive transport

• Movement of WATER

• Water moves from where there is more water to where there is less

Multiple Choice

Osmosis is the diffusion of _____ across a selectively permeable membrane.

• food

• air

• water

• oxygen

Multiple Choice

When the number of water molecules outside of the cell is greater than inside the cell, which will most likely occur?

• Molecules of water will NOT MOVE either way.

• Molecules of water will move OUT of the cell.

• Molecules of water will move INTO the cell.

• Molecules of water will EVAPORATE.

Protein Synthesis

• Proteins are built according to the instructions in DNA

• TransCription: DNA --> mRNA

• TransLation: mRNA --> amino acids

• Amino acids are assembled into proteins by ribosomes

Multiple Choice

Translation is the process where

• mRNA is created in the Nucleus

• mRNA is decoded to form a protein

• glucose molecules are made

• is where lipids are synthesized

Multiple Choice

Which organelle is the location where protein is made?

• Ribosome

• Nucleus

• Cytoplasm

• Nucleotide

Cell Cycle and Mitosis

• The cell cycle is the life cycle of the cell

• Interphase - cells grow and replicate (copy) their DNA

• Mitosis and Cytokinesis - cells divide into two identical cells for growth and repair

Multiple Choice

During interphase

• DNA lines up in the middle of the cell and DNA attaches to spindle fibers

• 2 new nuclei form

• 2 new identical cells are created

• DNA gets copied

Multiple Choice

Cell division is represented by what letter?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

What is the purpose of mitosis?

• To increase the surface area of a cell

• To allow cells to divide for growth, repair, and renewal

• For increasing genetic variation within a species

• To allow for DNA replication and protein synthesis

Cell Specialization

• All organisms start as a single cell

• Multicellular organisms have different types of cells with the same DNA

• Cell specialization - cells differentiate (become different) based on which genes they turn on or off

• Ex: Your eye and skin cells have the same DNA but use different genes

Multiple Choice

What is the definition of cell specialization?

• an organism that contains cells

• a special type of mutation in bacteria cells

• the differentiation of cells as they develop

• the replication of DNA

Multiple Choice

In what way is the DNA of a nerve cell different from the DNA of a muscle cell?

• The DNA is the same but each cell contains different genes

• The DNA is the same but different genes are turned on and turned off in each cell

• The DNA is different, but the same genes are turned on and off in each cell

• The DNA is different, but each cell contains the same genes