DNA structure and replication

Deoxyribose nucleic acid & Ribose nucleic acid

Macromolecule: Nucleic Acid
Monomer: Nucleotide​
Function:
DNA: genetic info or instructions to build protein
RNA: Carry instructions to ribosome
Location: Nucleus of Eukaryotes Cytoplasm of Prokaryotes
Shape: DNA: Double Helix, RNA: Single Strand build from DNA

​DNA & RNA

Made of :

. Phosphate Group

. Sugar​ (Deoxyribose or Ribose)

​. Nitrogenous Bases: DNA=
Adentine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine ** RNA= swap Uracil in place of Thymine

​Nucleotide

Multiple Choice

What is "A"?

• Nucleotide

• Deoxyribose Sugar

• Nitrogenous base

• Phosphate

Multiple Choice

What is "B"?

• Nucleotide

• Deoxyribose Sugar

• Nitrogenous base

• Phosphate

Multiple Choice

What is "C"?

• Nucleotide

• Deoxyribose Sugar

• Nitrogenous base

• Phosphate

Multiple Choice

What is the molecule in the image?

• Nucleotide

• Deoxyribose Sugar

• Nitrogenous base

• Phosphate

A <----> T % of A = % of T *approximately - example: 41% A= 40.2% T

G <----> C​ % of G= % of C

​

Complimentary Nitrogen Bases

​** The order of the nitrogen bases is what determines similarities and differences between organisms

​HYDROGEN BONDS

​Phosphate/Sugar Backbone

Multiple Choice

What do the dotted lines between the nitrogenous bases (A,T,C,G) represent in the image provided?

• Covalent bonds

• Ionic bonds

• Peptide bonds

• Hydrogen bonds

Multiple Choice

What is bonded to Adenine in the image to form a section of the DNA molecule?

• Guanine and Phosphate group

• Cytosine and Deoxyribose sugar

• Thymine and Deoxyribose sugar

• Deoxyribose sugar and Phosphate group

Multiple Choice

What makes up the SIDES of a DNA ladder?

• nitrogen bases

• sugars & phosphates

• genes & chromosomes

• RNA

Multiple Choice

What is the complimentary sequence of the following sequence:

GATCAG

• TGACAT

• GACATG

• CTAGTC

• CGACTA

Multiple Choice

What determines the specific traits in an organism?

• The number of carbons in the DNA molecule.

• The number of hydrogen bonds that hold the strands of DNA together. 

• The sequence of nucleotide bases in the DNA molecule.

• The sequence of phosphates along each DNA strand. 

Fill in the Blanks

If one strand of the DNA molecule is A T A C G G C T T C A T A G G, what will the other strand be?

Process of making a, hopefully, identical copy of DNA.

​

​What is DNA Replication

DNA replication happens where DNA is, which is in the nucleus of a cell. Unless that cell is a prokaryote, which does not have a nucleus.

Where: Nucleus

Interphase is the phase of cell life that occurs before mitosis (cell replication) begins, and this is the time that DNA replicates.

When: Interphase

​When and Where?

The purpose of DNA replication is to make an identical strand of DNA (chromosome) to prepare for cell division. This way each new cell has an identical copy of DNA.

​

​Purpose

Drag and Drop

DNA replication occurs during ​

Placeholder

.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

interphase

metaphase

telophase

anaphase

prophase

Key Players in DNA Replication

Enzymes

Most key players in DNA replication are enzymes

Enzymes are a biological catalyst, meaning the speed up a reaction. They are proteins that act upon molecules. The names often end in

-ase.

"Unzips" DNA. It does this by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs.

​​Helicase

Builds in the complementary base pairs of the DNA strand being replicated

​​Polymerase

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of the sides of the DNA molecule

• Bonding

• Alternating

• Anitparallel

• Parallel

Multiple Choice

DNA replication results in

• 2 completely new DNA molecules

• 2 DNA molecules that each contain a strand of the original

• 1 new DNA molecule and 1 old

• 1 new molecule of DNA

Multiple Choice

Enzyme that breaks hydrogen bonds (unzips)

• Ligase

• Polymerase

• Primase

• Helicase

Multiple Choice

DNA strand has the following bases AAGCCA what are the bases on the complementary strand

• GGCTTA

• TTGGGA

• CCAGGT

• TTCGGT