Classification of Matter

Classification of Matter

Open Ended

What is the matter?

Pure Substance

• consist of elements or compounds

• have a definite composition

Elements

-Made up of atoms (smallest part that has the properties of the element

-Cannot be broken down any further by chemical means

-An element is composed of only one kind of atom

Open Ended

Give an example of an element on the periodic table.

Compounds

- definite composition (fixed proportions) H₂O, CO₂

_{- Chemical combined (two or more elements)}

_{-Compounds cannot be separated physically, but can be separated chemically}

_{- Compound properties are different from the properties of the element (salt)}

_{-Molecule is the smallest unit of a compound that has all the properties of that compound.}

- EXAMPLES: Water (H₂O), salt (NaCl), Carbon dioxide (CO₂)

Multiple Choice

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) and pure water ( H₂O) are examples of ______

• Pure substances

• Elements

• Compounds

• Both pure substances and elements

• Both pure substance and compounds

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT true?

• Compounds have definite composition.

• Compounds are composed of only one kind of atom.

• Compounds cannot be separated physically, but can be separated chemically.

• The smallest unit of a compound is a molecule

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT TRUE about compounds?

• A compound always contains at least two elements.

• The substances that make up a compound are always joined in a fixed portion.

• A compound has the same properties as the elements from which it is formed.

• A compound can be broken down into simpler substances.

Mixtures can be Homogeneous or Heterogenous

What do the prefixes "homo" and "hetero" mean?

Mixtures

- Combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

- no new substances formed

- do not exist in fixed proportions to each other

- they just mix

- can be physically separated into compounds or elements

- elements and or compounds in a mixture maintain their own properties

- physical properties can change

EXAMPLES - salt water, air, soil

Open Ended

An example of a mixture is .....

Open Ended

The two type of mixtures are ____________ and _____________.

Homogenous mixtures

Are uniform

Have the same appearance throughout

Have the same composition throughout

Two types of homogenous mixtures are Solutions or colloids

Solutions

- Is a mixture of two or more substances in a single phase

- the substance in the smallest amount and the one that dissolves is called a SOLUTE

- the substance in larger amount and does the dissolving is called a SOLVENT

- particle size is small, and cannot be separated by normal filtration

- transparent; you can see through them

- do not separate after standing for ANY period of time

EXAMPLES: air, gasoline, brass, sea water

Multiple Choice

The substance in the smallest amount and is being dissolved is called ______

• solution

• solvent

• solute

• none of the above

COLLOIDS

- medium particle size

- appear "murky" or "opaque"

- Large enough to scatter light

- generally do separate on standing

EXAMPLES: milk, fog, jello, milk of magnesium

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT true?

• Colloids scatter light.

• Solvents are the substances that are being dissolved.

• Colloids have the medium particle size.

• An example of an colloid is milk.

Heterogenous Mixture

- consists of visibly different substances or phases

-SUSPENSIONS: type of heterogenous mixture made of large particles

- particles are visible and will settle out on standing

EXAMPLES: fine sand or silt in water, Italian salad dressing

Open Ended

What is an example of a heterogeneous mixture that was not listed on the previous slide?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a homogenous mixture that forms when sugar is dissolved in a glass of hot water?

• pure substance

• suspension

• colloid

• solution

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of a colloid?

• muddy water

• fog

• kool aid

• brass