DNA and Mitosis Review 22-23

DNA and Mitosis Review

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Multiple Choice

The smallest unit of all living things

• cells

• matter

• mass

• Nucleotides

nucleotides

• Phosphate

• Sugar

• Nitrogen base pairs

Multiple Choice

STRUCTURE: Nucleotides monomers are made up of a sugar, a phosphate, and a:

• nitrogenous base

• nucleic acid

• cholesterol

• fatty acid

Multiple Choice

What are the nucleotides made of?

• Sugar, Phosphate, nitrogen base

• Phosphate, Adenine, nitrogen base

• Thymine, Adenine, Cytomine

• Phosphate, Nitrogen, Adenine

DNA (genetic blueprint)

• found only in the nucleus

• forms a double helix

• bases are bonded by hydrogen bonds

DNA sugar

deoxyribose

DNA Nitrogenous base pairs

• Adenine pairs with Thymine

• Guanine pairs with Cytosine

Multiple Choice

Eight components present in nucleic acids are listed in the box.

Which components bond with adenine in a section of double-stranded DNA?

• A 1,3,5, and 6 only

• B 3 and 5 only

• C 2 and 4 only

• D 3,4,7, and 8 only

Multiple Choice

Which part of a DNA molecule is responsible for the direct coding of specific traits in an organism?

• F The number of hydrogen bonds that hold the strands of DNA together.

• G The number of carbons in the DNA molecule.

• H The sequence of nucleotide bases in the DNA molecule

• J The sequence of phosphates along each DNA strand.

Multiple Choice

Adenine bonds with ______________.

• Guanine

• Thymine

• Cytosine

• Adenine

Multiple Choice

In Texas Longhorn cattle, coat coloration is an inherited trait. What is the genetic basis of coat-color variation in Texas Longhorn cattle?

• F Differences in the nucleotide sequences of genes

• G Differences in the numbers of chromosomes in cells

• H Differences in the diets of individual cattle

• J Differences in the environmental conditions of different geographic areas

Multiple Choice

Nitrogenous bases are located on both strands of the DNA double helix. What is the significance of the nitrogenous bases?

• A The number of adenines and cytosines determines the type of RNA that will be produced.

• B The order of nitrogenous bases determines the order of amino acids in the proteins synthesized.

• C The amount of thymine and guanine in the DNA molecules determines the length of the genes.

• D The type of hydrogen bonding between the nitrogenous bases determines which amino acid will be added to the peptide chain.

Multiple Choice

Why is DNA important?

• it is very small and very complicated

• it's in everything

• it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things

• because we eat it every day for energy

​Cell Cycle

Interphase

• G₁- cell growth (longest stage)

• S- synthesis (DNA replication)

• G₂- organelle replication

Interphase (non dividing cell)

DNA is Chromatin

S phase

• S- synthesis (DNA replication)

Poll

Which part of the cell cycle is best described as separation of DNA into 2 sets, followed by division of the cytoplasm?

• Mitotic (M) Phase

• Interphase

• G2 Phase

• G1 Phse

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​Enzyme - Helicase unzips double-stranded DNA helix by breaking hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs, separating into single strands

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​DNA polymerase builds new DNA strands by adding new nucleotides. Can only build in the 5′ to 3′ direction.

Multiple Choice

In which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?

• Mitosis

• G1 phase

• G2 phase

• S phase

Multiple Choice

What do the 2 arrows represent in this diagram?

• arrow 1 is prophase; arrow 2 is interphase

• arrow 1 is mitosis; arrow 2 is meiosis

• arrow 1 is interphase; arrow 2 is mitosis

• arrow 1 is meiosis; arrow 2 is prophase

Multiple Choice

This occurs in which phase

• anaphase

• synthesis

• G₂

• transcription

Multiple Choice

The cell remains in this phase for the longest period of time

• G₂

• G₁

• synthesis

• prophase

Mitosis PMAT

• DNA exists as chromosomes with sister chomatids

• are bond by centromeres

Prophase

chromosomes are visible

Multiple Choice

A student is looking for evidence that spindle fibers are separating the chromosomes to ensure that each new nucleus has one copy of each chromosome. Which diagram is the student looking for?

• Cell 1

• Cell 2

• Cell 3

• Cell 4

Metaphase

chromosomes align in the middle

Multiple Choice

This part of the cell cycle is best described as the process that —

• duplicates the DNA

• completes cell division

• maintains genetic homeostasis

• synthesizes new molecules

Anaphase

sister chromatids are separated at the centromere

Telophase

the two daughter cells begin rebuilding nuclear membrane

Multiple Choice

Structure (b) is a ____.

• chromosome

• chromatid

• centromere

Multiple Choice

These structures pull the spindle fibers and attached chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell.

• Spindle fiber
• Centriole
• Nucleus
• Centromere

Multiple Choice

• Cytokinesis
• Anaphase
• Telophase
• Prophase

Multiple Choice

• Anaphase
• Cytonkinesis
• Interphase
• Prophase

Multiple Choice

• Cytokinesis
• Interphase
• Anaphase
• Metaphase

Multiple Choice

• Anaphase
• Cytokinesis
• Telophase
• Metaphase

cytokinesis

final separation of cytoplasm

plant cell cytokinesis

cell plate and cell membrane form

Binary fission

prokaryotic cells (bacteria)

Multiple Choice

What forms to separate plant cells?

• Cell Wall

• Cell Separator

• Cell Cap

• Cell Plate

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the correct order of the Cell Cycle?

• Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis

• Mitosis, Cytokinesis, Mitosis, Interphase

• Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

• Interphase, Prohase, Cytokinesis

Multiple Choice

Bacteria reproduce asexually by a process called

• replication

• meiosis

• mitosis

• binary fission

Multiple Choice

Identify the stage of the cell cycle while looking at the picture.

• Interphase

• Prophase

• Metaphase

• Anaphase

Multiple Choice

This model of the cell cycle includes two arrows that each represent a process in the cycle. What do the two arrows represent?

• Arrow 1 represents prophase, and Arrow 2 represents interphase.

• Arrow 1 represents mitosis, and Arrow 2 represents meiosis.

• Arrow 1 represents interphase, and Arrow 2 represents mitosis.

• Arrow 1 represents meiosis, and Arrow 2 represents prophase.