Ecology Final Review

Ecology Review

Multiple Choice

an herbivore is classified as a

un herbívoro se clasifica como un

• predator

• consumer

• producer

• detrivore

Multiple Choice

organisms that capture energy and use that to produce food

organismos que capturan energía y la usan para producir alimentos

• heterotrophs

• autotrophs

Multiple Choice

What is the main energy source for life on the planet Earth?

¿Cuál es la principal fuente de energía para la vida en el planeta Tierra?

• sun

• water

• nitrogen

• oxygen

Multiple Choice

the average year after year conditions of temperature and precipitation within a particular area

las condiciones promedio año tras año de temperatura y precipitación dentro de un área en particular

• weather

• climate

• greenhouse effect

• biotic factors

Multiple Choice

According to the food web, which of the following organisms can be classified into more than one trophic level? 

De acuerdo con la red alimentaria, ¿cuál de los siguientes organismos se puede clasificar en más de un nivel trófico?

• grasshopper
• owl
• rabbit
• frog

Multiple Choice

Algae, grasses and trees are all __________.

Las algas, los pastos y los árboles son __________.

• decomposers

• consumers

• producers

• pyramids

Multiple Choice

Which of the following members of the food chain is a tertiary consumer?

¿Cuál de los siguientes miembros de la cadena alimentaria es un consumidor terciario?

• tree

• insect

• bird

• fox

Multiple Choice

What is our role in the carbon cycle? 

¿Cuál es nuestro papel en el ciclo del carbono?

• We are made of carbon. 
• We release it into the atmosphere when we breathe. 
• We release it into the atmosphere when using fossil fuels. 
• All of the above. 

Multiple Choice

How do plants and animals get nitrogen?

¿Cómo obtienen nitrógeno las plantas y los animales?

• Most plants get the nitrogen they need to grow from the soils or water in which they live.
• Animals get the nitrogen they need by eating plants or other animals that contain nitrogen. 
• Bacteria alter the nitrogen into a form that plants are able to use.
• All of the above.

Greenhouse effect

Carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and few other atmospheric gasses trap heat energy and maintain Earth’s temperature range.

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El dióxido de carbono, el metano, el vapor de agua y algunos otros gases atmosféricos atrapan la energía térmica y mantienen el rango de temperatura de la Tierra.

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Multiple Choice

The table lists some organisms found in a swamp ecosystem and their sources of energy. When constructing an energy pyramid of the swamp ecosystem, which of these would be placed at the top of the pyramid?

La tabla enumera algunos organismos que se encuentran en un ecosistema de pantano y sus fuentes de energía. Al construir una pirámide de energía del ecosistema del pantano, ¿cuál de estos se colocaría en la parte superior de la pirámide?

• GRASS CARP

• AMERICAN ALLIGATOR

• EASTERN MUD TURTLE

• GREAT BLUE HERON

Multiple Choice

the greenhouse effect can cause an increase in

El efecto invernadero puede provocar un aumento de

• temperature

• carbon dioxide

• oxygen

• water

Latitude affect on temperature

Polar- sun strikes at angle causing indirect light

Temperate- the sun's angle alternates creating seasons

Tropical- more direct angle

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Polar: el sol incide en ángulo provocando luz indirecta. Templado: el ángulo del sol se alterna creando estaciones. Tropical- ángulo más directo

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Heat transportation

winds

ocean currents

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vientos

corrientes oceánicas

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Community interactions

• competition- limited resources

• predation-eat or be eaten

• symbiosis- interspecies complex relationships

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• competencia-recursos limitados depredación-comer o ser comido simbiosis-relaciones complejas entre especies

Multiple Choice

symbiotic relationship in which one organisms benefits and the other organism is not affected

relación simbiótica en la que un organismo se beneficia y el otro no se ve afectado

• competition

• mutualism

• parasitism

• commensalism

Multiple Choice

symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit

relación simbiótica en la que ambos organismos se benefician

• competition

• mutualism

• predation

• commensalism

Multiple Choice

Barnacles attach themselves to whales. The whales are so large that they are seemingly unaffected. The barnacles get a habitat and food when the whale enters an area with abundant food resources. What type of relationship exists between the whale and the barnacle?

Los percebes se adhieren a las ballenas. Las ballenas son tan grandes que aparentemente no se ven afectadas. Los percebes obtienen un hábitat y alimento cuando la ballena ingresa a un área con abundantes recursos alimenticios. ¿Qué tipo de relación existe entre la ballena y el percebe?

• mutualism
• commensalism
• parasitism
• predation

Symbiosis Mutualism

both species benefit

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ambas especies se benefician

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Multiple Choice

Which of these best demonstrates mutualism between certain types of bacteria and humans?

¿Cuál de estos demuestra mejor el mutualismo entre ciertos tipos de bacterias y humanos?

• Intestinal bacteria obtain nutrients from the gut and produce vitamin K used by humans.

• Bacteria become resistant to antibacterial medication that humans use for treatment.

• Invasive bacteria at an area of injury produce toxins that damage healthy tissues of the human body.

• Bacteria in improperly prepared food is consumed by humans, causing food poisoning.

symbiosis commensalism

1 species benefits the other is not harmed

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1 especie se beneficia la otra no se perjudica

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Multiple Choice

Cattle egrets forage (feed) in fields among cattle. The egret gets easy access to flying insects stirred up by the cattle, and the cattle don't care if they are there or not.

Las garcillas bueyeras se alimentan (alimentan) en los campos entre el ganado. La garceta tiene fácil acceso a los insectos voladores provocados por el ganado, y al ganado no le importa si están allí o no.

• mutualism
• commensalism
• competition
• parasitism

Multiple Choice

Relationship where one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped

Relación en la que un organismo se beneficia y el otro no se ve perjudicado ni ayudado

• Commensalism
• Parasitism
• Mutualism
• Competition

Multiple Choice

Maria and her classmates are observing animals at the pond. They notice that wood storks and ibisies both feed on fish. Which of these describes the relationship between these two birds.

María y sus compañeros de clase están observando animales en el estanque. Se dan cuenta de que tanto las cigüeñas como los ibis se alimentan de peces. ¿Cuál de estos describe la relación entre estas dos aves?

• Parasitism
• Competition
• Predator and prey
• Producer and consumer

symbiosis parasitism

• 1 species benefits the other is harmed

• Ribeiroia flatworm

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• 1 especie se beneficia la otra se perjudica

• platelminto Ribeiroia

Multiple Choice

A tapeworm and a cat have this type of relationship.

Una tenia y un gato tienen este tipo de relación.

• mutualism
• parasitism
• commensalism
• competition

Multiple Choice

An organism where one organism benefits and another is harmed

• Commensalism
• Parasitism
• Mutualism
• Competition

Multiple Choice

Which pair of organisms listed below are competitors for the same natural resources?

¿Qué par de organismos enumerados a continuación son competidores por los mismos recursos naturales?

• Ticks and dogs

• Lions and leopards

• Honeybees and flowers

• Salmon and brown bears

Multiple Choice

Which of these describes a mutually beneficial relationship between two organisms?

¿Cuál de estos describe una relación mutuamente beneficiosa entre dos organismos?

• A dog with worms in its intestine
• A turtle and a snail that both eat grass live in a river
• A honeybee pollinating a plant and receiving nectar for food
• A small fish attached to a shark, eating tiny pieces of the shark's food as it floats

Multiple Choice

Which of the following symbiotic relationships is considered parasitic?

¿Cuál de las siguientes relaciones simbióticas se considera parasitaria?

• Ticks feeding on a dog
• Bees transporting pollen from flowers
• Pilotfish swimming under sharks
• Birds eating the insects fromo the back of hippo

Biodiversity

Biodiversity refers to the variety of living species on Earth, including plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi

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La biodiversidad se refiere a la variedad de especies vivas en la Tierra, incluidas plantas, animales, bacterias y hongos.

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Multiple Choice

Which habitat exhibits the greatest biodiversity?

¿Qué hábitat exhibe la mayor biodiversidad?

• A habitat with 15 different species with about 300 individuals each
• A habitat with 10 different species with about 75 individuals each
• A habitat with 4 different species with about 150 individuals each
• A habitat with only one species with about 2000 individual

Multiple Choice

Why is biodiversity so important?

¿Por qué es tan importante la biodiversidad?

• Because all species depend on each other to survive, so if one becomes extinct another species that relies on it could go extinct as well
• Because it’s better to have only one variation of each species.
• Because it better to only have a few species on Earth.
• Honestly, I have no idea what biodiversity is!

Multiple Choice

Biodiversity, aka biological diversity, usually refers to

La biodiversidad, también conocida como diversidad biológica, generalmente se refiere a

• the same species in a general location

• the number of different species in a given area

• the number of animal species in a given area

• the number of plant species in a given area

Ecological Succession

The ecosystem changing response due to natural and human disturbances.

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La respuesta cambiante del ecosistema debido a las perturbaciones naturales y humanas.

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Multiple Choice

Predictable changes that occurs in a community over time, such as older inhabitants die out and new organisms move in is known as

Los cambios predecibles que ocurren en una comunidad a lo largo del tiempo, como la muerte de los habitantes más antiguos y la llegada de nuevos organismos, se conoce como

• ecological succession

• ecology

• ecological pyramid

• food web

No Soil Present

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No hay suelo presente

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​Primary Succession

Soil and

Pioneer species-Organisms specifically adapted to colonize bare, lifeless areas and begin an ecological community

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​suelo y

especies pioneras- Organismos específicamente adaptados para colonizar áreas desnudas y sin vida y comenzar una comunidad ecológica.

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​Secondary Succession

Multiple Choice

secondary succession occurs after a natural ecological disturbance where there is still _____

la sucesión secundaria ocurre después de una perturbación ecológica natural donde todavía hay ____

• soil

• trees

• grass

• herbivores

Multiple Choice

the process where a pioneer species begins to grow where there was no soil present, such as after a volcanic eruption in which there was new land formed?

¿El proceso en el que una especie pionera comienza a crecer donde no había suelo presente, como después de una erupción volcánica en la que se formó tierra nueva?

• secondary succession

• primary succession

• pioneering succession

• marine succession

Multiple Choice

A small town in the piney woods of East Texas has a soccer field composed of native grasses. The soccer field is mowed once a week. What effect does continual mowing have on the ecology of the field?

Un pequeño pueblo en los bosques de pinos del este de Texas tiene una cancha de fútbol compuesta de pastos nativos. El campo de fútbol se corta una vez por semana. ¿Qué efecto tiene la siega continua en la ecología del campo?

• Mowing increases the likelihood of nonnative species displacing native species.

• Mowing increases the number of species found in the field

• Mowing causes different types of communities to form across the field.

• Mowing maintains a low species diversity by inhibiting further succession.

Biome

A complex terrestrial communities that covers a large area and is characterized by certain soil and climate conditions, as well as a particular assemblage of plants an animals

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Una comunidad terrestre compleja que cubre un área grande y se caracteriza por ciertas condiciones de suelo y clima, así como un conjunto particular de plantas y animales.

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Multiple Choice

a unique set of abiotic and biotic factors such as climate and an assemblage of plant and animal life is referred to as a

un conjunto único de factores abióticos y bióticos, como el clima y un conjunto de vida vegetal y animal, se conoce como un

• biome

• microclimate

• temperate zone only

• biosphere