Pharmacy Overview

Pharmacology Review

Pharmacology Review

Cardiovascular

and

Hematologic Drug

Multiple Choice

Antihypertensive medications are used to manage high blood pressure. There are 8 main classes of antihypertensives. Which of the following is NOT an antihypertensive drug?

• ACE inhibitors

• Nitrates

• Beta-blockers

• Calcium Channel blockers

• Diuretics

Antihypertensive drugs

ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) (-pril)

Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers (A2RBs) (-sartan)

Beta-blockers (-olol)

Calcium channel blockers (-pamil, -tiazem, -dipine)

Alpha-blockers (-zosin)

Alpha 2 agonists

Diuretics (-semide, -thiazide)

Vasodilators

Multiple Select

Select all the generic name suffixes for calcium channel blockers

• -tiazem

• -zosin

• -pamil

• -dipine

• -sartan

Antihypertensive drugs

(ACEIs) ACE inhibitors (-pril)

(A2RBs) Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers (-sartan)

Beta-blockers (-olol)

Calcium channel blockers (-dipine, -pamil, -tiazem)

Alpha-blockers (-zosin)

Alpha 2 agonists

Diuretics (-semide, -thiazide)

Vasodilators

Multiple Select

Some of the antihypertensive drugs are also considered antiarrhythmic because of their ability to decrease heart automaticity. From the following drug groups choose the ones that are considered antiarrhythmics

• Antiarrhythmics

• Diuretics

• Calcium channel blockers

• Beta-blockers

• Nitrates

Antiarrhythmics

Antiarrhythmics (Class I, III) (-darone, tilide)

Beta blockers (Class II) (-olol)

Calcium channel blockers (Class IV) (-tiazem, -pamil, -dipine)

Multiple Choice

Atherosclerosis is a hardening of the blood vessel walls due to the accumulation of cholesterol/triglycerides and the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. This is caused by increased blood levels of lipids. The group of medications that are used to lower the blood level of clipids is

• Diuretics

• Antilipemics

• Inotropics

• Anticoagulants

• Nitrates

Multiple Select

Antianginal drug group is a composite group of drugs that either reduce oxygen consumption of the heart or increase the oxygen supply to the heart. From the following groups select the ones that are considered antianginals

• Nitrates

• ACE inhibitors

• Inotropics

• Calcium channel blockers

• Beta blockers

Antianginals

Nitrates (for acute angina)

Beta-blockers (for angina prophylaxis) (-olol)

Calcium channel blockers (for angina prophylaxis) (-tiazem, -pamil, -dipine)

Multiple Select

Heart failure can be managed by inotropics which include cardiac glycosides and phosphodiesterase inhibitors.Based on the mechanism of action, some antihypertensive medications also can be used to treat this disease. Choose the antihypertensives that can be used for this

• ACE inhibitors

• Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers

• Diuretics

• Nitrates

• Antilipemics

Heart failure management drugs

Cardiac glycosides

Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors (-rinone)

ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) (-pril)

Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers (A2RBs) (-sartan)

Diuretics (-semide, -thiazide)

Multiple Choice

Select the antilipemic drugs' generic name suffix that can help to identify some of them

• -zosin

• -statin

• -semide

• -pamil

• -rinone

Multiple Choice

Blood clots are related no a number of complications including but not limited to heart attack, stroke, and pulmonary embolism. The medication group that can be used to prevent blood clot-related complications is

• Anticoagulant

• Thrombolytics

• Antilipemics

• Inotropics

• Antiarrhythmics

Anticoagulants

Factor Xa inhibitors

Heparins (-parin)

Direct thrombin inhibitors (-rudin, -ban, -gatran)

Oral anticoagulants

Antiplatelets (-grel)

Respiratory Drugs

Multiple Select

Asthma is a chronic allergic respiratory system disease. There is a number of medications, which can be classified as antiasthmatics, used to manage this disorder. Select all drug groups that can be used to manage asthma

• Beta-adrenergic bronchodilators

• Anticholinergic bronchodilators

• Methylxanthines

• Leukotriene inhibitors

• Corticosteroids

Antiasthmatics

Beta-adrenergic bronchodilators (-terol)

Anticholinergic bronchodilators (-ium)

Methylxanthines (-phylline)

Leukotriene inhibitors (-lukast)

Corticosteroids (-sone, -onide, -olone)

Multiple Choice

All of the following drug groups produce bronchodilator except for one. Which one?

• Beta-adrenergic bronchodilators

• Anticholinergic bronchodilators

• Methylxanthines

• Leukotriene inhibitors

• Corticosteroids

Multiple Choice

Cough is a protective mechanism that is designed to expel secretions or foreign substances from the respiratory airways. In the case of a non-productive cough, we need to suppress it because it does not serve any purpose. Which of the following can be used for that?

• Mucolytics/expectorants

• Antitussives

• Decongestants

• Bronchodilators

Other respiratory drugs

Mucolytics/expectorants - treat chest congestion

Antitussives - treat cough

Decongestants - treat upper respiratory congestions

Gastrointestinal (GI) Drugs

Multiple Select

Increased stomach acidity is linked to a number of problems. A composite group of antiulcerative drugs is designed to manage high stomach acidity. From the following groups select the ones that are considered antiulceratives

• Laxatives

• Antacids

• Histamine 2 antagonists

• Proton pump inhibitors

• Antihistamines

Antiulceratives

Antacids

Histamine 2 antagonists (-tidine)

Proton pump inhibitors (-prazole)

Multiple Choice

Antiulcerative medications manage high stomach acidity. However, some of them are not designed to manage the chronic problem but are rather used for occasional/infrequent cases. Which of the following is not used to manage serious/chronic high acidity-related disorders?

• Antacids

• Histamine 2 antagonists

• Proton pump inhibitors

Antiulceratives

Antacids - infrequent heartburn

Histamine 2 antagonists - GERD, PUD, reflux esophagitis

Proton pump inhibitors - GERD, PUD, reflux esophagitis

Multiple Select

Which generic name suffix can help you to identify proton pump inhibitors?

• -tidine

• -prazole

• -setron

• -zyne

Multiple Choice

Nausea can be suppressed by a number of medications. These medications can be classified within a composite group of

• Laxatives

• Antiulceratives

• Antiemetics

• Antidiarrheals

• Antiflatulence drugs

Antiemetics

Antihistamine antiemetics (-zine, -ramine)

Phenothiazines (-azine)

Serotonin (5-HT₃) receptor antagonist antiemetics (-setron)

Multiple Choice

Medications that are used to manage constipation help the condition either by increasing water secretion into the intestine or increase/stimulate intestinal motility. From the following groups which one is used for treating constipation?

• Antidiarrheals

• Laxatives

• Antiemetics

• Antiulceratives

Multiple Select

From the generic name, suffixes select the ones that identify antiemetics

• -zine

• -prazole

• -ramine

• -azine

• -setron

Antiemetics

Antihistamine antiemetics (-zine, -ramine)

Phenothiazines (-azine)

Serotonin (5-HT₃) receptor antagonist antiemetics (-setron)

Hormonal Drugs

Multiple Choice

Thyroid drugs mimic the effect(s) of the natural thyroid hormone (T₃/T₄). These drugs can be used to manage

• Hypothyroidism

• Hyperthyroidism

• Euthyroidism

• Parathyroidism

Multiple Select

From the following generic name, suffixes choose the one(s) that can help you identify thyroid drugs.

• -thyro-

• -dronate

• -gli-

• -estr-

• -gestr-

Multiple Select

Hyperthyroidism is a condition characterized by excessive thyroid hormone production. This condition can be managed by antithyroid drugs. Select drugs/drug groups that can be used to manage hyperthyroidism

• Tocolytics

• methimazole

• propylthiouracil

• Bisphosphonates

• radioactive iodine

Antithyroids

Radioactive iodine

Methimazole

Propylthiouracil

Multiple Choice

Antidiabetic drugs are designed to treat hyperglycemia (high blood glucose level) associated with diabetes mellitus. Which of the following can be used to manage both diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2?

• Insulin products

• Metformin

• Oral antidiabetics

Antidiabetics

Oral antidiabetics (-gli-, -amide, -ride) - diabetes mellitus type 2 only

Insulin products - both diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2

Multiple Select

Medication that increase calcium deposition in the bone and decrease calcium level in the blood are used to treat conditions associated with decreased bone density (osteoporosis, Paget's disease, etc.) and hypercalcemia. From the following, select the groups that are used to manage these conditions

• Anti-BPH

• Calcitonin-like drugs

• Bisphosphonates

• Growth hormone inhibitors

• Oxytocic drugs

Antiosteoporotic drugs

Calcitonin

Bisphosphonates (-dronate)

Multiple Select

Some hormonal drugs are used to prevent pregnancy. But these drugs are also used to manage other issues such as menstrual irregularities, infertility, endometriosis, and some others. Select the group(s) that are used for this purpose

• Tocolytics

• Oxytocic drugs

• Oral contraceptives

• Anti-BPH

Reproductive system drugs

Oral contraceptives (-estr-, -gestr-) - contraception

Tocolytics - preterm labor management

Oxytocic drugs - labor induction

Multiple Select

Two main anti-BPH groups of medications used to manage prostate enlargement are alpha 2 adrenergic blockers (alpha-blockers) and androgen inhibitors. Select the generic name suffixes that can help you to identify drugs in these groups

• -steride

• -olol

• -zosin

• -dronate

• -zyne

Anti-BPH

Alpha (2) Blockers (-zosin)

Androgen inhibitors (-steride)

Immune and Anti-Infective Drugs

Multiple Select

The indications for anti-infective drugs are pretty easy to figure out as the names suggest their indications. Identifying the drugs on the other hand is a bit more difficult. Select the generic name suffixes that can help you to identify antiviral drugs.

• -vir-

• -dine

• -conazole

• -cillin

• -floxacin

Multiple Select

The indications for anti-infective drugs are pretty easy to figure out as the names suggest their indications. Identifying the drugs on the other hand is a bit more difficult. Select the generic name suffix(es) that DO NOT identify antibiotics.

• -mycin

• -cycline

• -bendazole

• -sulfa

• -floxacin

Anti-Infectives

Antibiotics (-mycin, -cillin, -cef, -cycline, -floxacin, sulfa-, -penem)

Antivirals (-vir-, -dine)

Antifungals (-conazole)

Anti-helminthics (-bendazole)

Antimalarials (-quine)

Multiple Select

There are various types of allergies out there which can be managed by a number of different chemicals classified as antiallergic. From the provided groups, select the ones that can be used for allergy treatment

• Corticosteroids

• Mast cell stabilizers

• Leukotriene inhibitors

• Antihistamines

• NSAIDs

Antiallergic drugs

Corticosteroids (-sone, -olone, -onide)

Antihistamines (-ramine, -zine, -tadine, -adine)

Leukotriene inhibitors (-lukast)

Mast cell stabilizers

Multiple Select

Choose the generic name suffixes that can help you to identify most of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

• -fen

• -lac

• -xicam

• -xen

• -sone

Anti-Inflammatory drugs

NSAIDs (-fen, lac, -xicam, -xen)

Corticosteroids (-sone, -olone, -onide)

Acetaminophen

Salicylates

Multiple Select

Autoimmune disorders are characterized by the attacks of immune system cells on own tissues/cells. These disorders can be managed by

• Immunosuppressants

• Corticosteroids

• Antineoplastics

• Antihistamines

Multiple Select

All of the following are generic name suffixes for immunosuppressant drugs EXCEPT

• -mab

• -limus

• -sporine

• -trexate

• -caine

Neurologic and Psychotropic Drugs

Multiple Select

Which of the following groups suppress CNS activity

• Antipsychotics

• Sedatives

• Hypnotics

• Antiparkinsonian

• Anti-Alzheimer drugs

Major nervous system drugs' mechanisms

Antipsychotics - decrease dopamine

Mood stabilizers - unknown

Sedatives and hypnotics - suppress CNS

Anticonvulsants - suppress CNS/neuronal excitability

Antidepressants - increase serotonin and norepineprhine

Antiparkinsonian drugs - increase dopamine or decrease acetylcholine

Anti-Alzheimer drugs - increase acetylcholine

Multiple Choice

Which of the following drug groups increase the level of monoamines (serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine) in the CNS

• Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

• SSRI antidepressants

• MAO inhibitors (MAOIs)

• Mood stabilizers

Antidepressants

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) (-pramine, -triptyline)

- increase norepinephrine and serotonin

SSRI antidepressants (-pram, -oxetine)

-increase serotonin



MAO inhibitors (MAOIs)

- increase serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine

Atypical antidepressants

-increase serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine

Multiple Choice

There are various groups in the class of sedatives/hypnotics. Although the general mechanism of action is similar for all of them, there are still some small differences. Based on this, the indications may also vary somewhat.

Which of the following is a powerful hypnotic with main indication beins management of sleep disorders

• Benzodiazepines

• Benzodiazepine-line drugs

• Barbiturates

Sedatives and Hypnotics

Benzodiazepines - mainly anxiety and seizure disorders

Benzodiazepine-like drugs - mainly sleep disorders

Barbiturates - mainly seizure management

Sedatives and Hypnotics

Benzodiazepines (-zepam, -zolam)

Benzodiazepine-like drugs

Barbiturates (-barbital)

Multiple Select

Select all drug groups that can be used to manage seizure disorders

• Anticonvulsants

• Benzodiazepines

• Barbiturates

• Benzodiazepine-like drugs

• Antidepressants

Antiseizure drugs

Anticonvulsants (-toin, suximide)

Benzodiazepines (-zepam, -zolam)

Barbiturates (-barbital)

Multiple Select

Medications that can be used to treat anxiety disorders are combined into the anxiolytic group. Select all the drug groups that can be considered anxiolytics

• Antidepressants

• Benzodiazepine-like drugs

• Benzodiazepines

• Antipsychotics

• Anticonvulsants

Multiple Choice

Drugs that increase the level of dopamine in the CNS or decrease acetylcholine level in the CNS have an end-result of restoring the dopamine/acetylcholine balance. This effect is used in the treatment of

• Alzheimer's disease

• Parkinson's disease

• Seziures

• Depressive disorders