CONDITIONALS

CONDITIONALS

Conditional clauses are consisted of two sentences: if-clause(hypothesis) and main clause(result).

Zero conditional: If/when+present simple=present simple

• Zero conditional is used to talk about scientific facts and laws of nature.

• If/When you mix red and blue, you get purple.

• If/When you heat ice, it melts

• If/When you boil water, it turns into steam.

1st Conditional: If+present simple/continuous=future simple/imperative/can/may/might/must/

could+bare infinitive

• We use the first conditional to talk about something possible in the present/future

• If you see Mary, tell her to call me.

• If you study hard, you will do well in your test.

• If you need help, I can be of assistance.

• We will be on time if we leave now.

2nd Conditional: If+past simple=would+bare infinitive

• We use the second conditional to talk about an imaginery situation in the present (unreal present) and to give advice.

• If I were rich, I would travel the world.

• If I were an astronaut, I could travel to space.

• If I were you, I would study harder.

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3rd Conditional: If+past perfect simple=would have+past participle

• We use the third conditional to talk about an imaginery situation in the past(unreal past), to criticize an action that happened or did not happen in the past or to express regret.

• If Mike had been more careful, he wouldn't have crushed his car.

• If I had known you needed help, I would have come right away!

• If we had left on time, we wouldn't have missed our flight