Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis

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Proteins (review)

Recall that amino acids are the monomers (small molecules), that when joined together form polymers called proteins. The amino acids are joined by peptide bonds.

Proteins have many functions, including

• enzymes (to speed up chemical reactions)

• immunity (to fight pathogens)

• transport of materials in the body

• hormones

• structure (such as muscle)

Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is the making of proteins from amino acids.

DNA & RNA

Protein synthesis involves two macromolecules, DNA and RNA.

RNA - DNA's single-stranded cousin

• RNA is a single strand of nucleotides

• Has ribonucleic acid

• Contains uracil instead of thymine

• Contains adenine, guanine, and cytosine

RNA Functions

In humans and other eukaryotes, RNA is used to carry messages.

Some viruses use RNA instead of DNA to hold genetic information. Coronaviruses are RNA viruses.

Multiple Choice

The building blocks of proteins are

• fatty acids

• monosaccharides

• amino acids

Multiple Select

The nitrogen bases present in RNA are (check 4)

• guanine

• cytosine

• uracil

• adenine

• thymine

Video Segments

Click on the video preview to watch each video segment.

Multiple Choice

Protein synthesis is the process of making

• amino acids

• carbohydrates

• proteins

Multiple Choice

The code for proteins is found in

• genes

• DNA

• chromosomes

• all of these are true

Multiple Select

Primary functions of proteins include (choose 3)

• energy for daily tasks

• enzymes for chemical reactions

• structure

• immunity/protection

• storing energy

Protein Synthesis Overview

Transcription

Transcription happens in the nucleus.

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DNA is used as a template to make messenger RNA. mRNA ​provides the code for a protein.

Multiple Choice

The correct order of steps in protein synthesis is

• translation-->transcription

• transcription-->translation

Multiple Choice

Transcription happens in the

• cytoplasm

• nucleus

• ribosome

Multiple Choice

The type of RNA made using DNA as a template is

• mRNA

• tRNA

• rRNA

Translation

Translation happens in the ribosomes, which are made of rRNA.

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Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome where they are joined to make a protein. mRNA provides the template. ​

Multiple Choice

Messenger RNA carries its message to the

• cell membrane

• ribosome

• nucleus

Multiple Choice

The part of the cell made with rRNA is the

• nucleus

• cytoplasm

• ribosome

Multiple Choice

Transfer RNA carries

• proteins

• carbohydrates

• amino acids

• fatty acids

Multiple Choice

Each codon has the code for one

• protein

• amino acid

• peptide bond

Codon chart

Codon charts can be in a rectangle or circular.

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Codon charts are used to match codons to amino acids​

Multiple Choice

A codon chart tells you

• the sequence of amino acids in a protein

• what amino acid a codon codes for

• the timeframe for making proteins

Multiple Choice

The process that builds a chain of amino acids into a protein is

• transcription

• translation

Multiple Choice

The molecule that is the "director" of the entire process of protein synthesis is

• DNA

• mRNA

• tRNA